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<br /> <br />Basic principles of weather modification <br /> <br />Water ....apor oooo.nse. 00 dull paules <br />to form clOUd <br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />. . <br />100% relalive humidIty <br />rISIng at{ <br />. I 1:11 <br />BlI!ng air coor, <br />due 10 .llpa~ <br /> <br />J i \ <br /> <br />Hot aIr and RIOllllUr8 <br /> <br /> <br />The air is heated by contact with the hot ground. Hot air <br />and moisture (watsr vapor) rise and cool beCause of <br />expansion of the air. The cooling increases the relative <br />humidity. The weter vapor condenses onto dust particles <br />in the ai, when the re/atiY8 humidity reaches 100 percent <br />forming cloud. <br /> <br /> <br />.1O"C <br /> <br />- ...o-c: <br /> <br />.1O"C <br /> <br />With continued cloud growth to the .lOoe level or <br />higher, some ice crystals form in the cloud on special <br />dust partlclas called "ice nuclei. .. Inside the cloud. the <br />air is super saturated (humidity more than 100 percent) <br />fOf these ice crystals so they grow rapidly to snowflakes. <br />fall and melt to form fsin. Cloud seeding introduces <br />extra Ice nuclei to enhance this process making <br />more ice crystals and more rain. <br /> <br />. ~ -- t <br />\1 <br /> <br /> <br />-;7- <br />/ <br /> <br />- - - ~.C <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />.10.C <br /> <br />/ <br /> <br />...-c <br /> <br />Condensation continues as the cloud grows, increasing <br />the number and size of the cloud droplets. Some drops <br />collide with others and grow larger. This growth will <br />eventually produce raindrops if the cloud does not <br />evaporate first <br /> <br />,.., <br /> <br />Anvil lOP <br /> <br /> <br /> <br />- - , <br /> <br />, <br /> <br />, <br /> <br />J:' <br />~, I <br />in <br /><; , <br />~ I <br />. <br />~ , <br />I <br /> <br />, <br /> <br />Clouds thar continue to grow to rhunderstorms have <br />strong updrafts thar carry the ice crystals high in the <br />cloud where temperatures are -25 to .40"C. Here, the <br />ice crystals very rapidly collect cloud water droplets <br />that freeze on contact to form hailstones. Seeding In. <br />traduces hundreds more Ice crystals and hailstone <br />embryos so that the water In the cloud will be dlvld. <br />ed among many more stones limiting their size. The <br />small stones melt much more when failing to the <br />ground. reducing damage by the hall. <br />