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WMOD00287 (2)
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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:33:22 PM
Creation date
3/20/2008 1:00:22 PM
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Template:
Weather Modification
Project Name
Project Skywater
Title
Summary Report - Seeding Agents Group - November 8-12, 1976, Skywater Meeting
Date
11/8/1976
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Report
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<br />"-~~,~4'011& <br /> <br />. . <br /> <br />8 <br /> <br />" i . ~ <br /> <br />adopted. For certain types of candidate agents, such as solid CO2' no <br />inpact area ecological effects will be expected, assuming that the 002 was <br />( not contanUna ted with amino-type cOIIlfOunds. <br />, <br /> <br />Reccmnendations <br /> <br />l\brk in this area smuld be initiated when the delivery systems for these <br />materials are available and the firm, likelihood exists that these materials will <br />be used on an operational basis. <br />. <br /> <br />Issue 19: Possible Carcinogenicity of Agents <br /> <br />Because these non-AgI agents are not widely used, the concern for the issue <br />is not of high priority. This may be valid issue but there are hancli:x:>oks <br />listing the carcinogenicity of che.'11.icals from which judgID2l1ts can be rrade. No <br />new research is neE'..ded beyond an evaluation of each substance to be used for <br />seeding using available literature and scientific input from federal agencies. <br /> <br />Recomrrendations <br /> <br />o' <br /> <br />No new research recommended at this time. <br /> <br />Issue 20: possible Eutrophication And Water ~ollution Hazard Of Nitrogen- <br />Containing Nucleation Agents (Arnines, Urea, Arrm:mium Nitrate) <br /> <br />Assuming that these agents nnlst be used in arrounts 10 to 100 tmes higher than <br />silver iodide in extended programs in restricted areas, increased nitrogen <br />burdens in surface and subsurface waters could result. This ~uld be released <br />(, prinarily in the nitrate form which can be roved out of the soil profile. <br /> <br />For either public \vater supplies collected over a large watershed or for <br />individual \-later supplies, this could represent a hazard due to the already <br />high (in many cases exceeding PHS standards) concentrations of nitrate in some <br />\'Jestern waters (up to 60ppn). !my additional burden could be a direct increased <br />health 'hazard. <br /> <br />Recorrrnendations <br /> <br />Before use in a pJtential impact area, the background levels of nitrates in <br />waters should be rronitored. If levels present are too high, the feasibility <br />of using these materials shall be re:::onsidered. <br /> <br />After beginning a program, the rronitoring started prior to the program should <br />be continued. If any buildup or trend toward a nitrate buildup is detected, <br />use of these agents smuld be curtailed. It should be recognized that there <br />may be a considerable lag (perhaps 1.-2 rronths) l:efore use and release as <br />nitrate due to controlling or slower microbiological process. It should be <br />recognized that the nitrogen arrounts returned as aIlllTOnia in rainfall may <br />exceed those provided by the weather rrodification source. <br /> <br />Issue 21: Tendency For M:>re Saline Condition To Occurs <br />(; <br /> <br />The use of sodium chloride as a hygroscopic seeding material has had sorro <br />acceptance in the United States and other countries toth for seeding cumulus <br /> <br />--. <br />, ..... <br />
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