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WMOD00317
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Last modified
7/28/2009 2:35:48 PM
Creation date
3/11/2008 2:44:23 PM
Metadata
Fields
Template:
Weather Modification
Contract/Permit #
14-06-D-6999
Project Name
CAWRP
Title
Cascades Atmosphere Water Resources Program - Volume I
Prepared For
US Department of the Interior Bureau of Reclaimation
Date
7/1/1970
Weather Modification - Doc Type
Report
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<br />- 122 - <br /> <br />there were never more than a'few droplets on anyone plate. Riming was not <br /> <br />observed on plates with diameters less than 300 ~m. This is in reasonable <br /> <br />agreement with the findings of Ono (1969). Riming was not observed on star- <br /> <br />like crystals. <br />Riming was most common on warm region crystals. Thus needles, sheaths, <br />and columns at temperatures above -lOoC were generally rimed. It appeared that <br />riming of these crystals occurred from the surface to about 5,000 feet above <br />ground level. Riming was not found on columnar crystals less than 50 ~m in <br />diameter. This also agrees with the field results of Ortb (1969) and <br /> <br />theoretical calculations of the collision efficiencies of droplets with <br /> <br />cylinders, However, many columnar crystals with widths much greater than 90 ~:n <br /> <br />,,[ere observed without any riming. Ono states that nearly all columnar crysta).:J <br /> <br />collected having widths greater than 90 ~m were rimed. In the present study, <br /> <br />the riming was often light, with seldom more than ten frozen droplets ,on a <br /> <br />single crystal. However, heavier riming was observed on occasions. <br /> <br />Because of the light degree of riminR, the size and locations of the <br /> <br />droplets on the crystals were clearly observable. Airborne observations <br /> <br />indicated that the frozen droplets on the crystals ranged from about 25 \.1m to <br /> <br />150 ~m in diameter with an average diameter of about 50 \.1m. Ono found that <br /> <br />frozen droplets on warm columnar crystals were 20 to 70 \.1m in diameter. <br /> <br />However, the columns collected by Ono were much shorter in length, and <br /> <br />therefore narrower, than the columns collected by us. <br /> <br /> <br />It appeared that in most cases, the droplets were sufficiently heavy to <br /> <br /> <br />change the fall orientation of both hexagonal plates and columnar crystals. <br /> <br /> <br />Thus, the edge on which riming occurred subsequently became the leading edge <br /> <br />1 <br />l <br />l <br />I- <br />I <br />I <br />I- <br />I <br />I <br />1 <br />1 <br />I <br />1 <br />1 <br />1 <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />
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