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<br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br />I <br /> <br />3 <br /> <br />(effectivity) of this ice nucleus is determined. <br /> <br />The effect of water <br /> <br />'~"-'-.ZO:~.-"'_J <br /> <br />.......-...---.- -~-~,---''''- , ~, <br /> <br />supersaturation is addressed to the extent possible. <br />"'~--._-.;...~......~~~,-,,-~~ ,- .~-..... <br /> <br />The second goal of this study is to demonstrate how laboratory <br /> <br />measurements of ice nucleation characteristics, ie, mecham_s, rates, <br /> <br />and yields, can be applied to clouds that are seeded with silver <br /> <br />iodide-sodium iodide aerosol particles. This is accompliShed by <br /> <br />incorporating lab~ratory data int~ a theoretical orographic cloud model. <br />- .- ""-""-,_...--------- -'~"._--~---"." ..-.,-~---'-_._--_._- -".--'~-'......-~-_.. . ~--~----.-..~,.-,,~~~-- <br /> <br />Past seeding hypotheses have assumed that when seeding with silver <br /> <br />iodide-sodium iodide arosal particles, nucleation occurs instantaneously <br /> <br />at the point of seeding and in numbers equal to the laboratory <br /> <br />determined effectivity at that temperature (Plooster and Fukuta, 1975, <br />Young, 1974b). Information about the rate and mechani_ of an ice <br /> <br />nucleant prOVides temDoral ~ sDacia! resolution of the nucleation <br /> <br />process in clouds. This should lead to better development of cloud <br /> <br />seeding hypotheses and interpretation of results of weather .odification <br /> <br />projects. <br /> <br />The speCific objectives of this study are to; <br /> <br />1) characterize ice nucleation by aerosol particles containing <br /> <br />2AgI-NaI using chemical kinetic methodology. This includes: <br /> <br />a) determine the rates, yields (effectivity), and mechanisms <br /> <br />of ice nucleation. <br /> <br />b) determine the energy of activation of the mechanisms. <br /> <br />c) demonstrate the effect of trasient supersaturation with <br /> <br />respect to water on the nucleation process. <br /> <br /> <br />2) apply laboratory results of the kinetics of nucleation to a <br /> <br />theoretical physical and microphysical orographic cloud model <br /> <br />to assess the effectiveness of silver iodide-SOdium iodide ice <br />