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<br />4. Involve affected publics to identify and implement appropriate mitigation of <br />unavoidable environmental and socioeconomic impacts resulting from changes in <br />water management <br /> <br />5. Implement least environmentally damaging and most cost effective water supply <br />options first. All costs should be considered in this analysis, including those <br />borne by people not served by the project and/or costs commonly classified as <br />"externalities" . <br /> <br />6. Incorporate multiple benefits iQcluding environmental protection/enhancement <br />opportunities to the degree possible. <br /> <br />Among the elements that should be considered explicitly at an early stage of a "smart" <br />water planning effort associated with storage and supply are: <br /> <br />· Conservation and demand management....... conservation, water reuse and demand <br />management should be fully integrated into the water supply planning process at a <br />very early stage. Analysis of costs and benefits should be as complete as possible. <br />· Municipal-agricultural cooperation - the water supply planning process should <br />explicitly consider the options for interruptible supply contracts, water leasing and <br />water purchase-leaseback arrangements with agricultural water users and related <br />water management institutions, as well as institutions concerned with instream <br />environmental and recreational flows.. <br />· Supply system integration, management and development ~ there should be explicit <br />consideration for cooperation and integrated utilization of existing water supply <br />infrastrncture and sharing of resources between different utilities and water supply <br />organization. Without an explicit approach to integrated management, utilities often <br />compete with each other, increasing costs and causing unnecessary duplication of <br />facilities and resource acquisition.. <br />· Enhancement of existing facilities in previously impacted areas to the optimal level, <br />rather than development of new facilities in new locations. <br />· Explicit consideration of the social, economic and environmental impacts of project <br />construction and operations, and inclusion of appropriate mitigation actions as project <br />- elements. <br />· The development of storage for new supplies should take place only after water rights <br />and supplies already available to the water supplier have been used in the most <br />efficient manner possible. <br />· Water supply project components should be planned and designed to provide multiple <br />benefits for as many interested parties as possible. For example, some supply <br />facilities could be cooperatively owned and operated by several water suppliers, and <br />some facilities may be of value fOT recreational and environmental uses. <br />