WMOD00269 ‎(2)‎

• Contract/Permit #: 02FC810810
• Title: Weather Damage Modification Program for Cooperative Weather Research between States and the US Department of Interior, Bureau of Reclaimation
• Date: 11/19/2002
• Weather Modification - Doc Type: Report

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adqiliQQ~I,~""grqSfl113yb~ made. A list of generic examples of the types of research
and development opportunities that will be considered are listed for each
emphasis area. These examples will not necessarily be given preferential
consideration over unspecified research that also meets the goals of the
program.

Due to current funding levels, all proposals submitted under this announcement will be
combined for evaluation. Reclamation anticipates the award of financial assistance
agreements of 12 months duration or less, to all state or state government/research
entities that qualify. To be successful, a state must be located within Hawaii and
17 states served by Reclamation, shall have a research plan that has scientific merit, an
existing cloud seeding and/or related research project to piggy-back the research onto,
and agree to 50-50 research cost sharing. The available Federal funds will be divided
among the states that are awarded financial assistance agreements.

A.3.1 Task A - Snowpack Augmentation for Drought Mitigation Studies

Recurring droughts have always been part of the history of the western United States.
As the populations of western states increase, the impact of future droughts will become
more severe. Snowpack that accumulates on mountain ranges is the primary source of
stream flow in the western states. As a consequence, these areas have been the
intended target areas for snowpack augmentation. The most recent (1998) American
Meteorological Society (AMS) Policy Statement on planned and inadvertent weather
modification states that there is evidence of seasonal increases of about 10% in
precipitation from supercooled orographic clouds due to seeding.

The National Academy of Science Workshop report (2000) includes the following
recommendations for the future scientific directions in snowpack augmentation. These
guidelines are appropriate for research initiatives under this solicitation.

For example, the achievements in snowpack augmentation research in establishing the
links between seeding and snowfall at the surface, place the scientific community in an
excellent position to conduct a 'Watershed-sized Project. 11 It would be designed to
demonstrate that snowfall can be augmented over that watershed, and that the
assessment process will be scientifically acceptable to the atmospheric sciences
community, and to the beneficiaries of such a Project. The following research areas
using new observational tools, laboratory studies and numerical modeling are deemed
as necessary for future progress:

A.3.1.1

Seeding agents

The seeding aerosols will be released from ground-based or airborne aerosol
generators that will enable much greater control over their transport and dispersion.
Generators not well placed can be moved quickly to better locations based upon
physical and chemical measurements and on modeling predictions. With the recent
development of new chemical composition seeding material, particularly silver chloride-
iodide complexes, which act very rapidly in producing ice particles at temperatures less
than -5Ee, there are new opportunities to incorporate these materials into a 'Watershed
Experiment. 11 They have the advantage of being able to locate the ground or airborne

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