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<br />1784 <br /> <br />value that requires the chemical analysis of both calcium and magnesium, it could be useful to estimate hardness <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />using an easily obtainable measurement such as specific conductance. Regression models for estimating hardness <br /> <br />with specific conductance were developed for 17 main-stem sites on the Arkansas River using a least-squares <br /> <br />regression technique. A summary of the regression coefficients and various statistical parameters is presented in <br /> <br />table 3. AU regressions were significant at the 95th percent confidence level. <br /> <br />Table 3 near here. Regression equati~ns for hardne~~';~:~~~lic~oh~tici~Jce ~l~k~e'd <br />sites in the Arkansas River Basin, Aprill'!:?!l~!In.::h'~9~~vl~icn <br />'." . '0' 'f Q' ;.".," . {.....l::l e-l....." <br />~.}~_~ i\l t,...li....-~$;: -.J \ 1~;:_Cf..~:" <br />;'):~!dh,g Ap?:-cNal by Dirccv, <br />J l ~ G~~1r''''';''''''''il ~'I-, 'J~_.'r <br />Trace Elements u.v, v_.~::;..._ ""... '-, <br /> <br />Different trace elements were analyzed and evaluated in different parts of the Arkansas River Basin based <br /> <br />on potential geologic and land-use effects on water quality. In the upper baSin, ihe trace' elements of potential con- <br /> <br />cern are related to local geology and mining activity. In the lower basin, the trace elements of potential concern are <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />related to urban and agricultural land use and local geology. Twenty-four to 28 water samples were collected and <br /> <br />analyzed for trace-element concentrations at most of the main-stem Arkansas River sites. Tributaries were sampled <br /> <br />less frequently. Trace.element concentrations in and contributions from tributaries are discussed in less detail, <br /> <br />unless a tributary represented a substantial trace-element source to the main stem of the river. This discussion of <br /> <br />trace elements is primarily centered around downstream, seasonal variatioos in concentrations in the main stem of <br /> <br />the Arkansas River. For the purposes of graphical presentation and statistical analysis in this report, trace-element <br /> <br />concentrations reported as less than the detection limit were assumed to equal 0.7 times the detection limit. <br /> <br />Water samples collected in the Arkansas River Basin were analyzed for dissolved and total-recoverable <br /> <br />trace-element concentrations. Samples analyzed for dissolved trace-element concentrations were filtered through <br /> <br />0.45 11m membrane filters. Kimball and others (1995) reported that colloids, which are solids with effective diam- <br /> <br />eters that range from 111m to I nm, influence the occurrence and transport of trace elements in the upper Arkansas <br /> <br />River. Because colloids may pass through a 0.45 11m filter, trace-element concentrations reported as 'dissolved' <br /> <br />. might include a substantial percentage of colloidal-size particles. <br /> <br />14 <br />