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be planted. Such areas have consider- able value for wildlife vegetation on the edges of ponds, will help to halt, silta- tion, protect shores from erosion, ~nd in some cases protect dams from theietfect of wave action. All ponds should be at least part,ly fenced to allow full growth of vegetation at inlets and on eroding shores. Where practicable, ponds may be completely' fenced and livestock watered at a tank below the dam. Plantings of woody and herbaceous plants are useful in prolonging the life of the ponds where there are opportuni- ties for their successful establishment. Quail are found in small numJiers in the rough broken lands in the southem and northeastern parts of the c!mnty, and if adequately protected they can be expected to multiply rapidly. A range survey covering most of Baca County was made in 1937. The range types and grazing capacity shown by that survey are given in tahle 3. TABL:!!l 3,~Extent and grazing capacity of the range types tn Baca Cou.nty, 1937: 1 Rangl\ type No. and name Area !A.vora~o arcapllr anlmal- ! unit month Acres 253,261 '1,176 40,944 24,300 :n,730 1,505 324,267 Percent 37.39 .17 6.02 3.59 4.68 .22 47,03 , Acrea 3.80 3,83 10,20 7,86 5.97 5.25 8.86 L Orassland_,_nn________ 2. Moadow______h_.______ 4. Sagebrush_n_ 5. Browse.shrub__ ________ 9. Plnon-Junipof_._________ 17. Halfshrub_ ____m_____ 18, Annual weeds Total or averaga,_____ 077,183 100,00 5.83 1 Unpublished data from the rft-Dll:O survey made in 1(J37, using instructions of the Intcr-AJl;cncy Rango Survey Com tnittee. The grassland type (fig. 9) occurs on all land-capability classes and on almost all soil groups. It is suitahle for year- long use but will yield more total graz- ing if use is deferred during the ,grow- ing season (May to September), No ~razing or only very light grazing dur- mg the growing season is especially necessa.ry on grassland that is depleted. The small acreage of meadowland requires seasonal grazing for hest re- sults. It may he used for early spring grazing if given adequate protection during the summer months. It is also satisfactory for late fall and winter 20 range. However, it is probable that this land will be of most value as hay meadow, and grazing should therefore be limited to the aftermath. Most of the meadowland is in capabilit,v classes IV and VI. It ,occurs prmcipally along dry-stream courses. Most of the sagebrush type is rather seriously depleted. It is usually rather severely hummocked, sandy land that falls in class VII. This sand-hill area was formerly fairly. well covered with such grasses as little hluestem, reed- grass, and, sand dropseed, ,with an understory of grama. The tall grasses did not withstand close grazing and were quickly eliminated. The grama grasses were left somewhat depleted and they have failed to survive in significant quantity. Very little treat- ment is practicable on this type of range. Grazing" should be very much restricted and' should be confined to winter months when the grasses are naturally dormant. The sagebrush type that does have a good cover may he grazed the year round much the same as the grassland, unless huneh- grasses are present. To maintain bunchgrasses in this area grazing must be deferred to permit development of seed and adequate growth before winter. The browse-shrub 'type, hecause it occurs principally on the sandy areas in classes VI and VII, may be handled in ahout the same manner. as the sage- brush. The principal shruh is the yucca plant, which produces a large number of hlossoms during the late spring and early summer months. These introduce the one variation needed in management of this type as compared with that of sagebrush. Grazing may he permitted while the yucca plants are inhlossom but should he carefully restricted to the forage ' produced then. The pinon-juniper type occurs prin- cipally on the rough broken bJ;nd in class VII. The principal forage pro- duced is the same as on the level uplands. There are, however, more bunchgrasses, such as the MuWenber- gias. This type may be grazed at any season but preferably should be reserved for winter use because rough lands give protection to grazing animals. PhY8ical Land Conditions in the