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<br />COMPACTS AND AGREEMENTS BETWEEN CERTAIN STATES. 29
<br />
<br />"Each State is subject only to the Iimitatioll!,; preficribed by the COlIstitu-
<br />tioll am] wiLhill its own territory is otherwise SU[H'Cl11e. Its Internal affttir.:l
<br />fire nwll.cL's of its OWlI dlscreUou." (Id., 454).
<br />"']'hc powers nffecLing t.he inLel'llal affairs of t.lw States Hot granted to the
<br />United ~aalef) by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it Lo the. Stntes, are
<br />reserved Lo the States l"l3spectively, and nIl powers of a national charactl~r
<br />which Iln~ uot delegated to the NatioIlul Goverllment: hy the Constitnl.ioll are
<br />reSel'yell Lo the people of the United Stutes." (Juslice Brewer in Kansas v.
<br />Colol'lldo. 206 U. S,. 46. 90,)
<br />III th~ cn~e of Kansas t'. Colorado, last abOVe ciLed, the United StatcH inter-
<br />vened, in effect cln.imillA" uational control of the wat.!r~ of WesLCl'n stl'enlns to
<br />be adminisLered Ullrler the doctrine of prior approprintioll, III answer to the
<br />primal'.Y question of naLi01Wl control, regm'cHess of fhe rigbts of the States,
<br />intCl' :,;c,-:e, JlIsth'e Brewer, alter observing that the United States had fill inter-
<br /><'\st ill u](~ DubHc ll1nlls within the Western States and might leg-islate for theil'
<br />reclalllaf ion, sub,ied 10 State luws, thus (Wmoscd of the C'laim of nntiollnl COll-
<br />trol of Westerll intel'stnte streams:
<br />"'rurllillg to the enumeration of the powers grantclI to Congress by the eighth
<br />8f:CtiOIl of the first nrttcle of the COO&"titntion, it is ellnug.b to 8fty that no one of
<br />them by any implication refers to the reclamation of arid land. * '" '" No
<br />independent and unmentioned power pns~es to the National Governme.nt 01'
<br />can righf fBlIy be exercised by t.he Congl'csl:I, >IE '" ~, But it is useless to pur-
<br />SUP. the inquIry further In thif.l direction. It b; enongh fnr the purpose of thIs
<br />('USe thut each Slate IIR~ rull jurisdiction over the lands within its horders, ill-
<br />clulling llJC becl!; of strealDs nnd other \\'n.ters. (Citing cflses). '" II< '" It
<br />mn~' det.ermine for 1t.self wh.ether the common law rule in respect to riparian
<br />rights 01' thnt doctrIne which obtains in the arid regIons of tlle We~t of the
<br />flppropriflt.ion of waters for the purpo~es of irrigation shall control. Congress
<br />clln not cllforee either rule upou any State. " .., '" One card iJlul rule, undeJ'-
<br />lying all the relations of the States to each other, 1s that of the .equality of
<br />right. Each State staods on the same level with all the rest. It can impose its
<br />own lcgifilation on no one of the others, and is hOUlHl /.0 yield its OWn \'iews to
<br />none." (Kansas 1). Colorado, 206 U, S., 46, 87-97,)
<br />In concluding the above decision, t,he Supreme Court dismissed the casp, with-
<br />ont prejndice to the right of Kansas to inS'titute new IH'oceedings, II whene\'er it
<br />shall a1>l)eur Llmt through II material increase in the depletion of t.he wat~rs of
<br />lhe Arlmllsns b~' Colorauo '" '" .oil the substantial intcrcsts of Kansas are
<br />being injured to the extent of destroying the equit:J.ble apportionment of thp,
<br />benefits between the two States resulting frOm the How of tlw river." (200
<br />U, S" 46. 117,)
<br />The Unlted Stutes IlllS large interests in t.he fOI'01 of publiC lunels "vithin
<br />the Colorado River al'ea, n.nd has already constructe~l large irrigation work8
<br />near Yllllla. Ariz., flud is engaged in irrigil.tion of large areas along the lower
<br />POl't!Oll of the ::;U'eam and ill the vicinty of the Salton Sea. '.rhe seven Ooloraclo
<br />River States have oJready erlQcted legislation authorizing commissioners for
<br />each of the States, to meet with n representative of the United States, for the
<br />purpose of formulating nnd entering into a compact or agreement respecting
<br />("]le future nUltzation and diSPosition of the water~ of th~ Colorac1v River and its
<br />tributariC's, Any sllch compact will be of no binding force or effect unttl rnti~
<br />lied by the legislatures of each of the States and by the Congress of the United
<br />States. 1J.'l1e sev(m State s.Jvel'eignties hnve lcg-islated, The go,'ernor of each
<br />Jms appointed a commissioner pursuant to tlle.legislation. 'l'he governors have
<br />collectivf"ly waited upon the Presideut and presented their written reqnes-t fol'
<br />nationnl I~glsla.tton authorizing tile appo1ntment by t.he President of a l'epre.
<br />fientntive for the United Stntes.
<br />
<br />MlsClr.u,Armous MEUORANDUl\[-FACTS,
<br />
<br />COT.ORADO RlVn:n..
<br />
<br />'J'hc aV('l'fige flTlll\lal flow oJ !.he COIOl'::lllo Rher at Yuma, Ari7,., Is 16,000,000
<br />acre-feeL, rnnging from 8,000,000 acre-feet ill low years to 25,000,000 acre-feet
<br />in llir;h yt~lll'S, It; is evident tbat a large volume resenoil' capacity is required
<br />for cOlllplr:t:e lltili7.ntion wl.1el1 it i8 staterl tlUlt Jloods of as. gl'l'at as 200,000
<br />second-fecI. have oecllned in the lower river.
<br />The lowt~I' portion of the Colorado River Basin is ftl'icl in C'barncter, find the
<br />watel' Rllpply origillnLes chioJly in the high mountains of Wyoming, Colorado,
<br />Utah, and New ':Mexico; 92 per cent of the annual llverage flow at Yuma, Ariz.,
<br />comes from the Gn~en, Grand, and Sail Juan River8_
<br />A~ llH> '-"'rlCln.,t- ti.nn john +rI~nl n""... :__1__'_1 ""---
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