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2 Chapter 1 -Introduction N ~ .-...] o title covering the progress of investigations, planning, and construction of salinity control units for the previous 2 fiscal years; the effectiveness of such units; anticipated work needed to be accomplished in the future to meet the objectives ofthis title, with emphasis on the needs during the 5 years immediately following the date of each report; and any special problems that may be impeding progress in attaining an effective salinity control program. Said report may be included in the biennial report on the quality of water of the Colorado River Basin prepared by the Secretary pursuant to section 15 of the Colorado River Storage Project Act (70 Stat. 111; 43 U.S.C. 602n), section 15 of the Navajo Indian Irrigation Project, and the initial stage of the San Juan- Chama Project Act (76 Stat. 102), and section 6 of the Fryingpan-Arkansas Project Act (76 Stat. 393)." Nothing in this report is intended to interpret the provisions of the Colorado River Compact (45 Stat. 1057), the Upper Colorado River Basin Compact (63 Stat. 31), the Water Treaty of 1944 with the United Mexican States (Treaty Series 994; 59 Stat. 1219), the decree entered by the Supreme Court of the United States in Arizona vs. California et a1. (376 U.S. 340), the Boulder Canyon Project Act (45 Stat. 1057), the Boulder Canyon Project Adjustment Act (54 Stat. 774; 43 U.S.C. 618a), the Colorado River Si;uragt: Project Act (70 Stat. 105; 43 U.S.C. 620), or the Colorado River Basin Project Act (82 Stat. 885; 43 U.S.C. 1501). LEGAL ASPECTS Water Quantity Apportionment of Colorado River water has been accomplished by the Colorado River Compact of 1922, the Mexican Treaty of 1944, the Upper Colorado River Basin Compact of 1948, and the U.S. Supreme Court (State of Arizona vs. California et a1., 1964). The Colorado River Compact divided the Colorado River between the Upper and Lower Basins at Lee Ferry (just below the confluence of the Paria River), apportioned to each 7.5 million acre-feet annually. In addition to this apportionment, the Lower Basin was given the right to increase its beneficial consumptive use by 1 million acre-feet per year. The compact also contains provisions governing exportation and obligations to Indian tribes. The Mexican Treaty of 1944 obligates the United States to deliver to Mexico 1.5 million acre-feet of Colorado River water annually. The Upper Colorado River Basin Compact of 1948 divided and apportioned the water apportioned to the Upper Basin by the Colorado River Compact, allocating to Arizona 50,000 acre-feet annually, with the remaining water allocated to Upper Basin States as follows: Colorado, 51.75 percent; New Mexico, 11.25 percent; Utah, 23 percent; and Wyoming, 14 percent. The compact permitted the authorization of Federal projects above Lee Ferry. States of the Lower Basin, however, did not agree to a compact for the apportionment of waters in the Lower Colorado River Basin; accordingly, a Supreme Court decree (Arizona vs. California et a1.) in 1964 allocated use of the mainstream of the Colorado River below Lee Ferry among California, Nevada, and Arizona and of the Gila River between Arizona and New Mexico. Nevada was apportioned 300,000 acre-feet annually, Arizona was apportioned 2,800,000 acre-feet annually, and 6alifornia was apportioned 4,4UO,000 acre-feet annually. The decree also permitted Federal water projects and the development ofIndian tribal lands to proceed. Water Quality Although a number of water quality related legislative actions have been taken on the State and Federal levels, four Federal acts are of special significance to the Colorado River Basin-the Water Quality Act of 1965 and related amendments, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act Amendments of 1972 (Public Law 92-500), the Colorado River Basin