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<br /> <br />001504 <br /> <br />Another installation of this type is the so-called "trick tanks" now <br />being used to a limited extent in several localities. T"hese r"esemble a <br />cistern in their action. The drainage area is covered with concrete pave- <br />ment or corrugated metal so that runoff approaches 100 percent. The <br />water drains to steel or concrete tanks from which distribution is made <br />by pipeline and automatic valves to stock wate'r troughs. The cost of this <br />type of treatment is high but the annual equivalent cost is said to compare <br />favorably with other types of development. Because of its cost the instal-" <br />lations should be restricted to areas having relatively high and reliable <br />precipitation. <br /> <br />Pavements and compaction methods are expens iveand naturally <br />will not be used where other less costly sources of water can be obtained. <br />Costs per acre of land treated by compaction or application of chemicals <br />will vary upward from $200, depending on type of treatment, location of <br />area, and character of terrain. Cost of paving will run $2,000 an acre, <br />or more. The number of acres to be treated, as previously indicated, <br />will depend on precipitation in the area and the proportion of runoff to be <br />expected and will vary from a probably minimum of 1 acre or less for <br />pavement to as much as 4 to 5 acres, where compaction or dispersion by <br />chemicals is used. In addition to the land treatment there is the additional <br />cost of fencing the runoff area to prevent damage by animals and of pro- <br />viding storage reservoirs or tanks and troughs where necessary, so that <br />the total charge for supplying water by developed runoff areas can run to <br />$5,000 or more. This may appear exorbitant, but compared to other <br />grazing costs it is not unreasonable. Stockmen now value grazing privi- <br />leges on the public domain at $100 - $200 per animal unit. Assuming that <br />a range sufficient for 100 head of cattle is unusable or only partly usable <br />due to lack of water, it is evident that the, expenditure of $5,000 or'more <br />to obtain water is not unreasonable. Compared to hauling or to other <br />methods of securing range water, development of a runoff area may be <br />the more economical. <br /> <br />Hauling Water <br /> <br />The practice of hauling water for grazing stock is increasing. <br />This in large part is due to the extension of roads and the improvement <br />in hauling equipment, but there are also other advantages, such as the <br />opportunity for frequent moving of watering places and inspection of live- <br />stock. Moving of troughs allows better us e of the range and reduces <br />travel from feed to water and return to a minimum, thus maximizing <br />gains by the livestock. The value of frequent inspection to treat accidents <br />and disease among livestock is obvious. <br /> <br />Costs of hauling naturally vary according to length of haul, to the <br />roughness of the terrain, and to a considerable extent on local price <br /> <br />13 <br /> <br /> <br />:; <br /> <br />" <br />