|
<br />~
<br />
<br />Pacific lAw Joumal / Yol. /9
<br />
<br />I :>:no!her ncc~tion to the usual practice th:u the Uniled Slales deftn
<br />!(l~}ale law In the area of waler righlS.l&l
<br />
<br />!h~ first, area of ~ncern in dealing with Indian reserved rights is
<br />1t1.lnllficauon. In Antona v. California, (he United Slates intervened
<br />'11 bC'halr of the rive Indian tribes secklnl Winters rights. The Special
<br />I \Ia~ter recommended a standard of "practicably irrigable acreagc"
<br />~ hen ~e ","rOle "the more sensible conclusion is thai the United
<br />!riles, I~tended 10 reserve enou,gh waler 10 irrigate all of the practi~
<br />,rl"y IrrI,able lands on 8 reservalion and rhalthe waler righes thereby
<br />! c:l.led would run h) defined lands, as is generally true of waler
<br />II~IHS. ".0' The Supreme Court accepled the Masler's recommend._
<br />I "\'n. and the decree awarded Ihe five Iribes (he right 10 divert over
<br />I (.In.~ a~re.feet of mainslream Colorado River water each year,
<br />I'''' pnorlly ~atC'S.of the dale of Ihe creation of each reservation. I.
<br />hll~. .lhe I~dl.an nghts may be quantified today, with the effecl ot
<br />:rm Ing e'usll~g users of waler because or Ihe priority dates.
<br />I here are slIlI unquantiried Indian reserved waler rights in the
<br />r~pcr Basin. Indeed, there ha\'e been and exist continuing attempts
<br />. lllcrease rhe already awarded Lower Basin quanlities.I.' There have
<br />.,\1 been altcmpls to n.egotiale these righlS wilh competing Users.
<br />\('~C errorlS. usuaJly Will only succeed if Ihere is unappropriated
<br />Iler or an Imported supply available. One such negotiated effort
<br />II ~crve to demonstrate Ihe issues involved here.
<br />
<br />U. !in UlUled Slain v. New Mnko, .Jt U.S. 696, 'U (197'). Dee'UI' Ihi. II a~
<br />rr.'~". Ihl' mUI" ha~~ I'mphulred lh.. impollanee ollhe limilllion 01 Iyeh .i,hll 10 Ihll
<br />'11" 10 actompluh Ihe PU'POI(I for "hich Ihe I.nd ..u rntrvtd Stlr Un'ltd 51
<br />". ~ll F.2d 1)9. (9Ih Ci,. 19S.,. . I ala v.
<br />~('. RtpOfl.or Ihe Special Masle..,..",.. nOlt" .12'1..
<br />'. .w Amona v. Cahro.nia, ]1) U.S. "6. "'.60(, (l96J)' ]16 U!J ].co J4J-4S
<br />1'IIl~c't1'. all. II DI. . '..
<br />:,'. "B~ Ih.tt' ~rale ?rdtl'l of SC'crtllliel or Ihe Inlellor. JIIO Ihlft Lo~ Balin Indi.n
<br />..: ~ o;~~he boun~I.f1'" Wt'T, dedattd .(0 lit .djullt'd rc1'0'Cli~d)' to Iht da,tS or Iht
<br />, \~..I . .t'Iot'Tvanonl 10 Inc.eate llle Ilze of lhe Itle,v'lionl, and. Ihul. lhe .mounl 01
<br />~~ ) Ifn,able 'cI..ale. The Uniltd Slat", .nd lht Indian Tliboellou,ht 10 reopen ..,/zo".
<br />C.I. ?"". 10 hue mOrt _lItI' .....de'll rOt" lhOl' 1(1". and a'lo for 1000e .ertl e wllhin
<br />~'f'~I: boundarin _~ich were laid 10 bJo "Olllilled" in Ihe fi.1I Iri.!. Afle. In ~.Ienli....
<br />' ore a ne_ SpecIal Mille.. Iht Suprtmt COU" rtjf'C!td hil rtpo" ..hieh ooould hue
<br />::~.J .~"b~lanllll ~uanlllin fOf' Iht 1000 ?It,orin of aCftl,e. The COU" held u to lhoe
<br />,d I.CfUlt.. rlnahl~ .nd enlaJnl~ p.ft:tudc il totin, blOl.llhl up no_. and '1 10 Ihe
<br />, II) 'udl. umlareral ordell O~ . Stc.~..)' do nOI C'Onllilule . fin.1 boundal'J' dtr:etml.
<br />lilt COUll luuelletl . pndln, Clle in lhe Dilnicl COU" of SOUlhtrn CaMo.nia _..
<br />:l>le forum fOl.lhal delern:ainl.lion. s" ",izona v. C.lifOf'nia II. .60 U.S. 60' (19111
<br />. r:re;ctd cue II /IIt1rOf'Oll~fI". WO~tr DiJt. 01 s. c.r. .... Unlltd St.t,s. S.D. Cal. CIV:
<br />I, ~ ".RB. Thll C!llt II _,nd'nl liS _a~ Ih.ou,h Ihe <<tunl. Sft Mtlropolil.n Walti'
<br />.. CI'. ,. Unll~ Sll.la. 62' F. SUpp 1011 (S.D. CaI.l916); 830 F ld 1J9 (9I.h a,
<br />'m. .~"ttd. _U.S. _. 108 S. a. U12 (1911). . .
<br />
<br />;",; ::~
<br />l:'~
<br />~,~.
<br />~? ~ '(
<br />
<br />,,'
<br />
<br />'. ~-,
<br />
<br />.";~,,:, ',':' ,,,,}:.\:~;,:j'?ltr,}:::,.,,
<br />
<br />" . .":'-':'. . . .'.'r.
<br />; .~ .:..~., :(..':. ~ ,: ~~~~~'.'r~:.i_,.:.. ',' I,..
<br />
<br />.?~
<br />~I:
<br />
<br />i:. :. .. ': 1 :... : ~ t
<br />
<br />\
<br />
<br />... .1. ,:....;. ,,:,' .,.
<br />
<br />
<br />"i,p~!,ic~;i~\\)'
<br />
<br />. ..(.: t.J...~{ ,~. '.i'.'\'. .")."/
<br />.:~1/~~} ~;V:~~:,~~:~l:f{1f);:'::'
<br />". f' ., ~ ...;} ;......' ;1(,' . ........
<br />.:;~~. .:/ ... _,';.::..1. r}. ~.~pr,~","':.~.
<br />..' .'j...... .!~. '.. fr., ' ".l r~_. 'h"'." ,.I.
<br />. /::,!::;_7;;:.~.}';f~l~ ~.:~:;:,.; :b~~
<br />.. '~" ",..."-;(,.,,,( ,,,l "..
<br />:\;~~1;~'~;'~t;h~~W '
<br />. .. ~t':"~-.""".J' !"/:'.,",._~ r:t.\.: ."\'
<br />.;.'~' ri:-~'~~:..\~.:~'i.::;.;.."'",,,:~ "';.'
<br />. .~. ('.. l ., ~ .(. '..~'.f.I~.' '''.-
<br />r.:/t':. ';t'~.:.:~t:.:t.;>~, ~..~~~..:
<br />~'.: .I....t.>;~.."h... "':'to.':'"r".!.....,f~ ...
<br />. )\I:!.~~~}:f~t~yJ(:2~~;::::
<br />.~ll i: \~:~,._c,..'.I:~l:~.e!~ii.\.;J
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />,'.'"r:. \ 11(.J<. ,~.~ ,.! .::l,"i~.
<br />
<br />;:~~:!i~";::;~:~J{i,;i~~J
<br />
<br />;:~".:ll .;.r..w.,:,J, ~.~','l. ";"I.,~"i:.
<br />'';'!''':';'.:'''''In;'i':'lo;lV~''''
<br />':~.~!.:~ f{'~ 1_,i.~.1:' ".;~~:.'.i~f.;~'\;;
<br />..!>;-:::.Jl'Jr4i.Y:l'.':!"I,:.~;-ft:;,~..
<br />~::. iJ~.t:'1, :~~. r' i"'1' ,~.,-\';""f. ;:.r-~
<br />"..~, l'<.;:~.,,'t~l~... '.~..::,.:c'l.;
<br />~ '^,.~.:'~ ;o.>~..:'i":i-'''.. ',_~' ",.,'.P ,i"..l?
<br />.J"-!\"_"l._.I~I.., I. -,'-,l.:,,'
<br />. ~...:. '(. ~l'''' ,._~,.(<.., .:.~l":lf.
<br />f;~!' }~i T~~f~:~:tY~~;.~f
<br />",:1 """'l""~'{1't'" ",,:
<br />:'6~~~:<\~;,\..i:.~6:
<br />,;.,'f', ."",./),.",,,4
<br />~ ,.. 1'. ~ t '~). 'r' r" 'i.i", t
<br />. . J' ,,I." "", . '"t .'II~'-~.~'
<br />,~::':1"';t'f ,/.:.~: .,,;":;,;'='
<br />'l.~~.. .\t. ~:'II.~!<.c:'~:~~-";
<br />... ~~', . .l' 1 '.... _' ~ -'.... .. .' .'., ',. ~ ",. I' I '''~' .....' ,lf1;:,~lrJ~""lj;.r'~'~:k;''''_~':''I'
<br />.. '''t'.'';>';'.'l .,...,!_,~.h....-.~ "I,f.",,' ,......,;,., """.,"-,' )':', -,.",......,1 t..~.,..~......~;(I_J~'''~.
<br />'l'''~: 't,~', t.../. ;('" nH....~.. I., . .~I.,L';: J1~ ',' ~;.r ""1:.." 'I J,~~":"; '1," ..1 :.: ~ ,-'( -. '.. ~': I'll. 'i.~1 ~.',' r ~ : *. .:' "\.J~1~t' ",/~,~.....I~..r ~~ ....:~
<br />. 'I ' \. :, .. ,':' \ _1"~ "'~ ,,, ...11:,1,. ~ ~I t, (C'J,' .t. ", '. : ,',. ;". t" " ,'. .; . ,.... ~ ~ ." .i''' , ':/ ". :,'~" ,. "!-:..' r .: .- \ r" .. t .f "": "~'''' .~~-,:('" :,: r ~
<br />".' .. ," ~.".:;.. '.' ,'U.....,.r I ~"'..,..., i:_ III 11/"" ""'JI', "''''''''~''''''''.'''~';'''.~-fI(l,.,
<br />.\' ",..1'1. 'I"~ """'j"\':":,,, .'. fh- .:"".,.\' ,J .~,.~....'..._r.".\,f"p.'t.';'~."!"':";':'r-r"l'lal.1,:i
<br />.... . ','I.' . ",... ,.:......~',.\o.,.-.~...''':'.~-' :."\~..!...'J,~_~,I,/,.,.:r; I.~, "': ...I.....~.,.,; " ..,'";':".(.....~,-',/-;.,;:.i.ly,;,;,.~.,
<br />'..~".: ", .. -\ .;. I'.' ...'....11'. l>}t .",..-.f'. "~",,,. ,.',:... J.I'J "..'J."""'i~\"'.:','~" ~'-y{'tl"..
<br />I ;.... !: '''f 1"- \'.::, ~ ',.' '. ,l r"-' , :. '.~ \;I.,;',"{, " ~ , -l"f'" .". 'I:"~.'. I..~. " " .,.t.f f ~~.~.' \1 ".~ :f ., ,\ I"'}t~, .< '..I ".... i.,I/\1 ~~'.'~f ,:; ,.'~.
<br />, ,. ... .. . ~ ",.. ,." ~. .... ... r.' '" "j " "1 I .., ..,. -' . \ ' .'. I ~~.:l " .)l"/ ,. : I
<br />. .. ,:, ,. -.,', "':',' . , (}:"':, . . i,~ . \,~1 '(,., :lr',. ,oI,'",I.:L ',' ~ ,~'.. '..- l4-,j;~ J ~~ I, I. .1. ... ~Ii~'..~ :.11 "~" .7 :' .l;~"If: ,'\:.\,.j ~ .:;ll'''' ..-:f r;'~:~, 'f~.,~ .~~'t;""';",(1
<br />
<br />, ,
<br />
<br />1988 I California Colorado Riv~r Issues
<br />
<br />The Animas.t.a Plata project Is 8 reclamation project authorized
<br />by Ihe Colorado River Basin Project Act of 1963,1" but never funded.
<br />The project was long sought by Ihe States of Colorado and New
<br />Me~ico. Part of the problem of construction has been Ihe reserved
<br />riShlS claims or two indian tribes, the Ute Mountain Ute Indian
<br />Tribe and the Southern Ute Indian Tribe, of waters that are tributary
<br />10 the Colorado River. A settlement agreement was reached between
<br />each Tribe and the Uniled States and the Stale of Colorado. The
<br />agreement quanti lied the waler rights of both Tribes. Approval
<br />legislation is pending in Congress,l" but opposition has been strons,
<br />particularly hom the Lower Basin Slalt$. Th~ agrecmen.t anowl l~e
<br />Tribes to transfer their water for use off Ihelr reservallons. If thiS
<br />is to be done within Colorado, the Tribes must comply with Colorado
<br />waler law and accept ror water used off Ihe reservation a priority
<br />date based on the date of the application rather Ihan the date of
<br />creation of the reservation. I'" The agreement allows the sale of
<br />reservation water out of state. without any of the same instate
<br />
<br />restriclions.lt!
<br />For all practical purposes, lhe only real markel for the water of
<br />lhese Tribes is the Lower Basin, either the cities of Arizona or the
<br />Coaslal Plain of Southern Calirornia. The same problems thai at-
<br />tended the Galloway type iri(ei-basin Iransfers discussed in part Ill.
<br />also afrect any attempted inccrbasin transfer of Win/en righls waler.
<br />Indian reserved water rights. however. present two additional ques-
<br />lions that we will introduce here: May Win/ers rights waler be used
<br />orf the reservation; and are Indian Tribes subject to the Colorado
<br />Rlver Compact and other documents of the Law of the River.1U
<br />
<br />.
<br />.,
<br />
<br />"
<br />."
<br />
<br />,
<br />,J
<br />
<br />I~
<br />p
<br />f."
<br />.',
<br />
<br />;,1
<br />
<br />,
<br />\
<br />,
<br />~,
<br />it
<br />,1.
<br />ti
<br />I,\.
<br />'.
<br />:(.
<br />
<br />A. Off-Ru~fl/alion Sales?
<br />
<br />As shown by the Colorado Ute Indian Water Rights Agreement.
<br />there have been Congressional attempts to authorize Indian Tribes
<br />
<br />148. Pub. L 9O-SH. n Sial. BBS. 191 (196]). .
<br />1.9. Color.dO UIe Indian Waler Ri,h!1 Stulmltllt Ad 01 1917. H.R. 2641lnd S. I"',
<br />1000hCon,. hi Scn(19B7).
<br />ISO. Colorado Ute Indian W.I... Ri,hll F1ul Stulnnenl Aaretmml. III. V. (Dee. 10.
<br />19I6IConfiltallhePaC/jir:U.,JoIlNHIf).
<br />UI. Id. II In. V B (bl. . .
<br />U2. Sinet Iht I:OU"I ha"" nDC dtfillilel)' IM_td nlha' qunllon. the dilC\llll?" htre wUI
<br />be brid. The ,ulho. commend. 10 la.. .ludmlllDd 0Ihn'. to wrilC on lilac .u.bJCCtI. whktr
<br />.i11lurtl~bt lilipled.
<br />
<br />r
<br />
<br />,
<br />,
<br />
<br />1427
<br />
<br />I
<br />
<br />l
<br />
<br />II
<br />
<br />
<br />~I
<br />
<br />,,' .......,-.
<br />
<br />.; !..;~..{
<br />. ;~ ".~. ..;1
<br />
|