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<br />PacifIC LAw Journal I Vol. /9
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<br />,h~ PI"O,.;s;o~~ of lhi~ Act slltJlI br QPpurfrnQrrt to tAr Itmd IrrirQfm,
<br />and ~ntnclal use shall be the basil, the meuure, and the limit or
<br />rhe:: fll:hl.',.
<br />!he empha~iled lallf!.U3l!c is lhe appurlenanc:y clause, and would on
<br />It~ race 3ppcar 10 h:lr a (I:msrct of reclamation project water to
<br />other. buyen. The legi~lative hislor)' of the clause indicates that bar
<br />wa~ . I~~<<d the objcc1ive of the clause in order 10 "prevent (he
<br />PO~Slblhty of spcculrtlive use of waler righl' "u, Th S
<br />. . . ..... e upreme
<br />COUtl. In Cali forma l1. UnitPd StaIrs, rererred to the al"purlenancy
<br />clause as ~~ing an exc.eption ,10 the requitC'menl of complyinS wilh
<br />stale law. Congress did nOI mter1d 10 relinquish (otal conlrol of Ihe
<br />~clual dislribution of waler to the Scales. ConRr('u provid('d in I 8
<br />usdj that th(' wal('r rtght musl bt appurtenant to th(' land irrigDtN
<br />and gOl'('rnoo.by beneficia/llse. . . ."IM In any event, iI would appear
<br />Ihat a resolution of Ihe queslion of whether the appunenancy clause
<br />bar~ a transfer of Colorado River water in the lower Ba~in would
<br />be needed berore a sale of such waler by Imperial could be effective
<br />Ir ~lale .Iaw applies. how much of that body of law must ~
<br />complied wllh by Colorado River waler u'iers?
<br />Must they obtain appropri:uion permils from the Slate Water
<br />R~ources Con~rol Board,!117 Even Imperial's permits acquired in .he
<br />19S0s a.re admlllC'd to add nothing to their exisling Colorado River
<br />waler f1ghlS.1JI
<br />. May Ihe Slale Water Resources Conlrol Board reallocale Colorado
<br />Rr.v~r waler between ~sers to effecluate Ihe California relative pri-
<br />ontles of use: domesllc purposes is the highest use, and irrigalion is
<br />nexl'?l~ -
<br />
<br />.,
<br />Id~:~i. Ad or JlIlIf 17. 1902. Jl 5'11. )11. )90 (I~m eodintd II 4) u.S.C. , )72 (nnphuil
<br />IH. HR. R,.. No. I~I. nlh Con,. III Se'lt.. 6-7. 1.9 (1902) ~.hn ,
<br />6679 f19(2) (Iht' llalnntn" or ,he noor mlnl,er or the bill tho.in.llh . I J ~OIIIO. Rrc.
<br />::: ~~":il I~ ~I\e or :ht -alt' 10 lum Ind Ilnd or;I;I\III, i"il~IN In: .:'.t t;: :.~~:I~:~
<br />U 0'1. 0 111I. olll",g,y CO/l"f')'lClntW' o/,!I, /l"II, 10 R<<fty>p. W.I,.,. S pi, Ii 11 .
<br />"'lid .~'tl/~J B,,~_ 01 R<<f.",.llO". I) J:COLOO' L.Q. 17J. 1'2.'.4 (1911) lip' '7 tvm, .
<br />F.II~:. ~auorn;".. UnilN 5111t". "J~ U.S. 64'. 661 n.:lI (19110) (emphl,il Idd~). &1 Jf'r
<br />. '0 OUnl, Iln ImprOVemf"1 Dill. No. I ... CifJ' or EI "11(1 IlJ F 5 I .
<br />:~;~j Te.. 19"1. _/Fd j" I1tm. 24l F.ld 927 (Slh Ci,. 19n). ~. drrr~. j;~' U~: ::
<br />:~:. SH C.AL. W..n" CODr If 1l00.I7J9IWt"1 1971 a: Supp. 19U).
<br />I Ih'. S"'Stlp,. nOl'e 104. In r..tl Couh.tlla and Mttroporilln hl~ 1110 obralned 'U~umt
<br />;olo':d~';~:: ::Ie~~nlll('fl b, 'he .'ittrtllr}'. 1IIIt .lln rilhu permil, fO' d'.~lIion of
<br />1J9. c.u. W.un COOl:' 106 (Well 19711.
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<br />
<br />J988 I California Colorado Riytr Issues
<br />
<br />Finally, may a court or the State Board invoke the public trust
<br />doctrinel-lO to reallocate Colorado River water in California, perhaps
<br />providing more water for recreation and fish and wildlife. and if so,
<br />at Ihe eltpense of what present contractors? The author does nol
<br />believe the Slate Board has these powers to the detriment of the
<br />powers granted to the Secretary by the Boulder Canyon Project Act.
<br />If, however. it i~ determined Ihat a contractor has the power under
<br />state law 10 sell so.called conserved water without the approval of
<br />(he olher California waler contractors and the' Secretary, these ques-
<br />tions will need to be addressed.
<br />
<br />V. SALE OR TRANSFER OF INDIAN R:EsERVED WATD RIOHT!
<br />
<br />This porlion of Ihe anicle will deal with a problem that hangs
<br />over Ihe heads of presenl users of Colorado River water, parcicularly
<br />in the lower Basin. The problem deals with quantification and use
<br />or Indian reserved watcr rights in the overall Colorado River Basin.
<br />These rights. commonly referred to as Winters rights, when finally
<br />identified in full may well constitute a significant portion of the tOlal
<br />available supply of lhe water of the Colorado River System.
<br />The doctrine or IndiaR" reserved waters was first enunciated by the
<br />United doctrine of States Supreme Court in the 1908 decision of
<br />Winlers .... United States: IU The Court held that when Congress created
<br />an Indian reservalion, it impliedly reserved waler for the benefit of the
<br />reservation when water is necessary to rulfill .the purposes of the
<br />reservation.
<br />In examining Ihe circumstances or each reservation. courts are to
<br />look to the reOlson for the creal ion of the reservation,l" the charac-
<br />teristics of the land, and the needs of the Indians. Once finding that
<br />the right is implied, however, the right is granled without regard to
<br />the equities of competing water uses...) Thus, Winters rights are
<br />
<br />1"". N.'ional Audobon Sot:', .. Superior Court. )) CII. )d .419. 6" P.ld 709 (1911):
<br />UnilN Sllln y. SIIU Wltn Rnourctt Conlrol Bel.. 1(12 CII. App. Jd 12. 1'1-'2. 2J7 c.l.
<br />RpII. 161.200.01 (l9116).
<br />1'1. 207U.S.~t19(1).
<br />1.42. Resenalll:lIIt do nOI need 10 lit Indian Rnervll;onl. Reserved .lln nlhu hive bftn
<br />ded;lred for luch rtdtlll pUlpoles II naliollll monUmtl'lll. s,., Clppam ". UnilC'd SIIIClI. '26
<br />U.S. 126(19761.
<br />.4). Col.,lIe ConredualC'd Trlba ". Wlllon. "2 F.2d J91. .40, (9rb Cir. 191>>. nrt.
<br />in/trI. 106 S. a. IIn (19").
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