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<br />w <br />.--.} <br />iV <br />OJ <br /> <br />23 <br /> <br />over the top of the shale sample, The flow was driven by a flat <br /> <br />disc which rotated at the water surface. The vertical row of ports <br /> <br />allowed withdrawal of water samples and injection of dye for <br /> <br />velocity calculations. A window was included so the soil-water <br /> <br />interface could be observed, The soil surface area between the two <br />2 2 <br />walls was 744 CUI (0.8 ft ). <br /> <br />As each run was prepared, a portion of shale was mixed with <br /> <br />water to allow consistent compaction in the flow cylinder, Approx- <br /> <br />imately ten percent water was added for no longer than four hours <br /> <br />before each test was run. After mixing, the shale was placed in <br /> <br />the cylinder in four to five layers, Each layer was compacted using <br /> <br />a proctor hammer. A penetrometer was used to measure unconfined <br /> <br />compressive strength. In this way, the layers were kept in reason- <br /> <br />ably uniform density, The top layer of soil was levelled after <br /> <br />compaction, After each run, the sample was removed, dried and <br /> <br />weight ed, <br /> <br />2.1,lb Sampling Procedure <br /> <br />After the shale sample was ready, the disc used to rotate the <br /> <br />flow was mounted on the motor and adjusted to a constant speed, <br /> <br />Water was introduced from the top using the disc as a baffle. The <br /> <br />void between the soil surface and the disc, approximately SO mID deep, <br /> <br />was filled just enough to eliminate any air between the disc and <br /> <br />water. Clearance between the disc and cylinder wall was between 1.6 and <br /> <br />3.2 mm to allow free rotation. Thus, the water surface was not <br /> <br />completely covered, Approximately one and a half minutes were <br /> <br />, <br />,~ .,Ji.. <br />