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<br />.,.tio.... <br /> <br />0012~n <br /> <br />iii <br /> <br />CONTENTS <br /> <br />Foreword. . . .. ...... ..............." <br />Introduction '. . . . . .. ... . . . . " . . <br />Background .. . . . . 8 ......... <br />Inadequacy of sampling ... . . . . . . . . . . . <br />,Bias in records of long term .. . . . . . . . . . <br />Short-term abnormalities and "stsps" in rscords .. . . . . . <br />Common errors and limitations in hydrologic records ....... <br />General considerations. .. . . . . . . . . 8 , . 0 <br />'Radiative heat transfers . . . . 8 . . . . . . . . 8 , " . . 0 <br />Introduction . . . . . . .. ..... lit lit . . . . g . " <br />Effects of station location. .. .......... <br />Limitation of instruments and recording equipment . " . . <br />Use of radiation data . . " " . " . . . . . . <br />Selected references . . . .. . . . . , . . <br />Air temperature ... . . . ... . . . . . . . <br />Effects of location and installation of <br />m.easuring equipment . . . . . . . . . " . . .. , It . " It <br />Typss of temperature records and equipment ....... <br />Dspendability of observations . . . . . . .. . . . <br />Effects of exposure . . . .. . It , . , , " <br />Hour of observations .. . ". . . 8 . . 8 . <br />Other sources of error. ..... . .. . . . . . e <br />Consistency of records . . . . .. . ......" <br />Use of data " .. . . . . ... . . " .. . . " . " . , <br />Determining averages or normals . . . . . . . <br />Correlation with hydrologic parameters. ...... <br />Upper-air temperatures . . . . . " . , . G <br />Reference cited . . . . . ... ....." . '" . . <br />HUlllidity (atmospheric watsr vapor) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . <br />Location and installation of measuring equipmsnt . . . . . <br />Measurements and measuring equipment ... ...... <br />Reliability of observations ..... ......... <br />Instrumental errors ................ <br />Environmental errors ... .... '. . . . . . . . Q <br />Uses of data on humidity ""'.11""""" e . e G " " <br /> <br />Wi.nd " . " . . . . iii . . '. . tl <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />. . <br /> <br />. . . . <br /> <br />. . <br /> <br />. . <br /> <br />. . <br /> <br />Measuremsnts and types of sqU1pmsnt ...... . . . . . <br />Surface' instruments ................. <br />Upper-air instruments .. . . . . , . . . . . . .. . . <br />Looation and installation of measuring equipment . . . . . <br />Consistena,y and reliability of records . . . . . . . . . . <br />Use of data on wind .. -. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . · <br /> <br />Page <br /> <br />i <br />1 <br />1 <br />2 <br />3 <br />S <br />6 <br />6 <br />7 <br />7 <br />7 <br />9 <br />11 <br />12 <br />14 <br />14 <br />14 <br />IS <br />IS <br />IS <br />IS <br />16 <br />16 <br />16 <br />16 <br />17 <br />17 <br />18 <br />18 <br />18 <br />19 <br />19 <br />20 <br />20 <br />21 <br />21 <br />21 <br />22 <br />22 <br />23 <br />24 <br /> <br />1;, .,..d.... <br /> <br />