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<br />OOlOiE <br /> <br />construction of the port for the Trans-Alaska Pipeline. <br />In an extreme case, Colstrip, Montana, the site of two <br />330MW electric generating plants has grown from 200 <br />persons in 1970 to 3,000 in 1975, and could grow to <br />6,000 by 1978 with the addition of two 770MW <br />plants.'9 <br />The first population impacts come from the con- <br />struction workers and their families. Recent experience <br />in projects in the United States (other than Alaska) <br />indicates that between 50 and 75 per cent of construc- <br />tion workers bring their families with them.IO The <br />average family size ranges from 3.5 to 3.9 persons, I I <br />One of the most difficul t numbers to predict is <br />the number of support (secondary) employees needed <br />because of new basic employment. A number of <br />factors affect the basic/secondary ratio: the size of <br />the community before the project, income of workers, <br />length of construction phase, and distance from metro. <br />pol itan areas are the most important. As a general <br />rule, during construction from 0.3 to 0.9 secondary <br />employees are needed for each new construction <br />worker.12 Because construction is temporary, this <br />ratio is lower than that after operations begin. <br />Figure 2 illustrates, in simplified form, the employ' <br />ment and population impacts on a small, remote <br />community of constructing a 2250MW electric <br />generating plant. This illustration assumes that all <br />construction workers come from Qutside the com- <br /> <br />munity. About 60 per cent may bring their families, <br />with an average family size of 3.7 persons. For each <br />construction worker, 0.6 secondary workers will be <br />required. Forty per cent of these secondary workers <br />will have families, 40 per cent will not, and 20 per <br />cent will be local residents (not adding to population). <br />In this example, 2,000 project workers at the peak of <br />construction will result in an added population of <br />7,500. <br /> <br />4. For most types of projects, the operating force <br />will be less than the construction force. As the <br />project nears completion, the number of workers will <br />decline and population will drop from its temporary <br />peak. The percentage of workers with families residing <br />in the community will increase to between 80 and 90 <br />per cent of the total. The number of secondary workers <br />will also increase, to a range of 1.1 to 2.3 for each em- <br />ployee of the energy project. Figure 3 illustrates the <br />impacts. of this permanent employment on com- <br />munity population. For the same 2,250MW project, <br />775 permanent workers will result in an added perma. <br />nent population of 4,739 for this particular example. <br /> <br />5. The total population added by an energy <br />project will change year-by'year over the construction <br />phase and into the operating phase. Figure 4 shows <br />that change for the 2250MW electric generating plant <br /> <br />Figure 2 <br />EMPLOYMENT AND POPULATION <br />ADDED BY CONSTRUCTION <br /> <br />I <br />r <br /> <br />Example of 2250 MW Coal-Fired Electric Generating Plant <br /> <br /> <br />x 3,7 per Family <br /> <br />4440 <br /> <br />800 <br /> <br />x 40% Family <br /> <br />x 3,7 per Family <br /> <br />1776 <br /> <br />20% Local <br />Residents 480 <br /> <br />Total Population Added 7496 <br /> <br />5 <br />