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<br />. <br /> <br />. <br />( .-~" <br /> <br />IN <br />oa <br /> <br />. <br /> <br />-\"4 " <br />lie.> .i <br /> <br />are: shallow infiltration ponds; water spreading systems using a system of <br /> <br />diversions, canals, ditches, and furrows; recharge through pits and excava- <br /> <br />tions; injection wells; treatment of ground surfaces with mulches so as to <br /> <br />enhance the infiltration of precipitation and deter evaporation; scarifi- <br /> <br />cation of losing streams so as to enhance the influence rate; and the <br /> <br />application of excessive irrigation water. <br /> <br />Indirect methods include systems that cause the movement of surface <br /> <br />water into a ground-water reservoir by induced infiltration, Induced <br /> <br />infiltration is defined as "recharge to ground water by infiltration, <br /> <br />either deliberate or inadvertent, from a body of surface water as a result <br /> <br />of the ground-water withdrawal and subsequent lowering of the ground-water <br /> <br />head below the surf ace water level" (lkAfee and Wolf, 1974, p. 359). <br /> <br />Examples of indirect systems are wells, Ranney collectors, galleries, or <br /> <br />virtually any water eollection system which induces the flow of natural <br /> <br />surface water bodies into the ground water reservoir. <br /> <br />Advanta~es and Disadvanta~es of Recharge <br /> <br />Ground-water storage has several advantages over surface storage. <br /> <br />Probably the most important advantage of artificially recharging ground <br /> <br />water is the vast volume of storage capacity in our naturally occurring <br /> <br />ground-water aquifers. This is especially important when suitable sites <br /> <br />for surface reservoirs are not available. Furthermore, the aquifer <br /> <br />provides horizontal availability of ground water so that elaborate distri- <br /> <br />but ion systems are not needed. In areas with high evaporation, ground- <br /> <br />water storage offers the distinct advantage of relatively little or no <br /> <br />evaporation losses, however, drain-out losses may be significant, <br />