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16 ~;;t~ 002397 }.,~; PROGRAMS WATER RESOUROE) DEVE.LOPMENT tions. Generally, the Soviets simply do not build in areas subject to flood hazard as they have plenty of unflooded space available, and croplands are frequently permitted to undergo annual inundation for the benefit of horticulture. Considerable flood protection is ob- tained largely incident to other multipurpose- river development. However, no appraisal of relationship is here undertaken, and that request is unfulfilled. COMMUNIST CHINA DEVELOPMENTS The story of river and related water development in China-Red mainland China known as the Communist Chinese People's Republic- is amazing. It is a do-it-yourself program, frequently by hand, to harness the man and woman power of the greatest national population on earth, with initial emphasis on flood control. In all the four categories to which this relative study were di- rected-hydroelectric generation, irrigation, inland water transport, and flood control-the Chinese Communist officials report accomplish- ments that in their velocity or rate of attainment far outstrip that of the U. S. which, on all available evidence, appears to remain ahead in totals and certainly does on a per capita baSIS which would statis" tically wei~h figures for the vast disparIty in population and areas of the two natIOns. With Red mainland China cut off from the Western World, not a member of the United Nations, and without recognition by the United States, there are few "sources easily available" for this reporter to collect the information on river development in China, N everthe- less enough was gleaned to permit a report responsive to the com- mittee instructions and those sources-largely official Chinese sources- are herein cited or deposited in the committee files so Senators can make their own appraisal thereof. Also there is no attempt herein torespond to the instructions as to "logical projections of the trends registered." The information is too limited and the official Communist Chinese reports themselves are devoid of any speculation as to when, or if, they might surpass the United States. Also the present Chinese Governmen~which is only 8 years old-is too youthful to hazard projections as to how sustained the present all-out endeavor on river development will remain. Most current official reports on river development read as if the Chinese effort did not start until 1949, when the People's Republic took over. In reality, river transport, irrigation, and flood prevention were under- taken as far back as 2697 B. C. when the dynasty of Huang Ti (the Yellow Emperor) took power. Actually the Grand Canal linking Peking and Hanchow and crossing the great Yangtse and Yellow Rivers, with its 1,285 miles making It still the longest as well as oldest canal in existence, was constructed in the 13th century and is still in service for water transport, irrigation, as well as drainage of 61,500 square miles in 4 present provinces. GENERAL INFORMATION ON RED CHINA . The current stupendous Chinese river pro~ram is invariably justi, fied as a national economic necessity for Chmese survival in a com- ~"1~~F~I~~ :'.~-"<>:-; .' '. . .,~ . .....