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1959] ADJUDICATION IN INTERNATIONAL RIVER DISPUTES N ".) ." 00 such a plan as will best protect the water users in the United States and the States of the United States against Mexico's acquiring an ex- panding use in the waters of Boulder Dam and the Colorado River f The CHAIRMAN. Has not the State Department done that in this treaty according to your view f 28 There were strong forces in Mexico and the United States in favor of a fair agreement, but there was also strong opposition by local interests. This opposition was overcome by the demonstration that the United States was obliged to arbitrate, and that an arbitral decision after Mexico might have acquired further vested rights would lead to a result less to the liking of the opposing local interests than the results under the treaty. The commitment to arbitrate thus, by official admission, induced agreement.29 .. .. .. There is still another rOle played by adjudication. This is to provide guideposts or precedents for the solution of later disputes by agreement. The interstate cases that have been decided by the United States Supreme Court have assisted negotiators in the resolution of twenty river disputes by interstate compact. Even a cursory reading of these compacts shows that agreement was reached through recognition of the principles laid down in the litigated cases.80 By analogy these interstate adjudications provide guideposts for the resolution of inter-nation disputes by nego- tiated treaties or by adjudication leading to agreement. Tribute to their value as precedents is given in the Sentence of the Lake Lanoux Arbitral Tribunal. 81 The fact that the decisions of American and other federal courts concern, disputes between member states of federations does not impair the analogical value of the principles carved out in such decisions. The fundamental policies to be weighed in passing on matters involving water ,economics, and the types of factual problems involved are not dif- ferent essentially in interstate and international disputes, The existence, in the latter cases, of separate sovereignties, not subject to the compulsory jurisdiction ofa higher authority, is no more than an obstacle to the growth of international judicial precedents. It renders the analogy the more apposite, The Lake 'Lanoux Tribunal drew from these federal decisions, from international adjudications and from the "practice" and "conviction" of states to give the latest expression to certain juridical principles, These principles will be of assistance in the solution of other river disputes by .8 Ibid. at 1754-1755. "Treaty on the Utilization of Waters .of the Colorado and Tijuana Rivers and of the Rio Grande, 59 Stat. 1219 (1945). 80 American Compacts, Treaties, and Adjudications are collected in Documents on the- Use and Control of the Waters of Interstate and International Streams (U. S. Depart- ment of the Interior, Washington, 1956). Among foreign judicial decisions dealing with the uses of 'waters of interstate or international rivers are the following: Wiirttem- berg and Pranssen 11. Baden, 116 Entscheidungen des Reichsgeriehts in Zivilsachen, Supplement, p. 18 (Deut8cher S,taatsgericht8hof, 1927), and Societe Energie Eleetriqu& du Littoral Mediterran6en 1), Compagnia Imprese Elettriche Liguri, note 8 above. 81 Sentenoe at 40. 41 ".,