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<br />~aae. Ttlis covers the time eeri9d between A~D. 1 and the 16th centurv. TOQ <br /> <br />,; ~". , <br /> <br />settlement oattern was larae winter base carnes alona t~ansas 13iver and its <br /> <br />trjbu'taries and small base cames nearbv. Artifacts from the time Deriod are cord- <br /> <br />rouahened ceramic. stone architecture. and the bow and arrow. Most arouos were <br /> <br />hunter/aatherers and some were semisedentarv. The latter would Drovide remains on <br /> <br />the landscaD8 because the arOUDS wou~ remain in one location for a somewhat lonaer <br /> <br />Defiod of time than the more mobile arOUDS. TtJis economv rsliap ucon mal~ <br /> <br />hortiyulture for Dart of the sub~jstence (Mark ~iJ~n~lI. cersonal communicaton 1997). <br /> <br />Structures were circular or stone foundations in.a oval oattern laid.horizontallv. Brush <br /> <br />or ieeel was used on the unDer aortio". This tVDe of construction aave wav to stone <br /> <br />slabs in manv forms. <br /> <br />!)1e ADi~haoa ~~ase covered tre DeriQQ A.p. 1'000-1400. TJ'le culture remains of ~ <br /> <br />phase area associated with the Panhandl~ Focus 01 Texas. Thev area small side- <br /> <br />oglgped oroiectile Doi"ts and cord-marked DottSrv with QI09!,dlar shaDes. Associateq <br /> <br />structures iJJrf'UQ8 rock ~Iaps and pillars. The culture was named for ths Aoishaoa 8iver <br /> <br />nearbv. Circles of stone slabs were observed b~tween the Huerfano and Apishapa <br /> <br />rivers. These lack oottenl. The historic tribes, t~at hunted the a(8B were the Ute. <br /> <br />Comanche. Aoache. and Araeaho (Cassels j 9941 ~~rk Mitcb~1I oersonal <br /> <br />communications 1997). <br /> <br />The Indians of the plains occupied the project area; but apparently left few traces. <br /> <br />Conversion of the short-grass plains to cropland mav have Ra& destroyed most surface <br /> <br />vestiges of their past occupancy through various cultivation practices. <br /> <br />J3. <br />J3. <br />