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<br />the so.bfititut,e for war. In eitber event the high contracting or
<br />litigating pa:rties proceed upon tbe balIis of sovereignties, eacb
<br />exercising in,tlependent and separate powel'8, and eacb exclusive
<br />within its pr.>per sphere. All said by Mr. Justice Harlan in
<br />United Stateil v. Texas (143 lJ. 8., 621, 646) :
<br />
<br />"The submission to judicial solution of controve1'8ies arising
<br />between th~ two Governments, 'each sOvereign with respect to
<br />the object.. cdmmitted to it, and neither sovereign with re.pect to
<br />the objects cqmmitted to the otber,' McCullocb v. Btnte of Mary-
<br />land (4 Wbe\it, 316, 400, HO), but both subject to tbc supreme
<br />law of tbe laJ\d, does no violence to the inherent nature of sover-
<br />eignty, 1'be :StateR of tbe Union have agr<>ed, in the Constitu-
<br />tion. thllt tbe IjudiciaJ JIOwer of the United States shall extend to
<br />all CAses aris,ing under the Constitution. Inws, and treaties of
<br />the United Rt~t"s, without regard to the "'",rader of Uw pHrties
<br />(excluding, ofl ('nurse. suits against a State hy itR own citizens or
<br />by citizens ofiother Rtates, or tlY citizens or .uhjed. of foreign
<br />States), and ~quall,v t6 ,'ontroversies to which tbe United Stat"s
<br />sball be a party, without regard to tbe suhject of sud, ('outro.
<br />versief\, and t~8t this C"ourt may exerei",e (wig-innl jurisdiction i 11
<br />alJ fHU'h case8j'in the whidl a ~tatt.\ shull bl' party,' without ex-
<br />cluding thos,' lin, which the rnited State. \IIay b" the opposite
<br />party," ,
<br />
<br />Tlw powell to euter into ('olllpact betwet~n a State or Htah'A
<br />and Ihe Vnited "tates is founded upon the saulf' prilll'iple as the
<br />pownr in the i Anpreme Court 10 f'I(~t.tle ('out,'o\,pfHimi IJt'>twe(lu
<br />StateH. ~ I.mid) h,r Mr. .J1mti('(! TIm'lun in till' l'oregoillg' {'liNe (p.
<br />(44), "'Ve ('un iuot llRHllllle thut the fraruer8 of tlu' COJlRtitution,
<br />while ('xtending the jmlkin' power of the j'nited Ktates to <'011-
<br />troVtH'f'lie8 l~twf'PIl two or more Htntf'l'; of the CHiou and hetween
<br />a State of the IUnion Hurl fOfpi:,rn Ht-tlte$, intended to exempt a
<br />State altogether from S11it hy tll(' Gpneral Oo\'ernlll(lut."
<br />
<br />'rhe auo\'e '!,!oltiltemcnt followed an UlIU1YRis of the pm.ition
<br />taken by Texa., i (p. (I,ll) :
<br />
<br />"Texa8 illl<li\~ts that no slII'h jUI'is(lidion hH~ lwen ('onferred
<br />UPOIl this eoUl'~, Hud tlwt the only mOflf' in whkh Ow IIl'(."Sent
<br />dispute ('fln he l.ea('{~Hbl.r tlettI(l(] iK hy Hg"J'pelllf'llt. ill sotHe form,
<br />b('1weeu the Cn1ted ~tat(,8 and that Htah', Of t'Ol1fflr. if 110 such
<br />agreernen1 ('an qe rea.tlwd--.-alld it seNns that one jl:' not pr'ohahle
<br />-and if Iwitht'll party will surl'('nder its dailll of authorit~. and
<br />jm1Rdidion oret the disp.ut(\d t('rl'itor'y tJw ref-HIlt, u.C'l'ol'ding to
<br />the defe",J"nt'.ltheory of the COllst,itutloll. HillS! h() that the
<br />FniteJ ~bH(,R, ih order to effect a Bettlmnent of thi:-w \,t'xpd ques-
<br />tion of houJl(la~y. must IH'ing- it.:'! suit in nlW of the ('Oll1'tf4 of
<br />TexHs * * * or Olat, in the end, thHJ>C must be a trial of physical
<br />strength hetll'eell the OoveMlIlIent of the I1nlon "nd Texas."
<br />
<br />The <,ollrt <lJ,'jtled that, inaslUuch us the Stut,. and the IJniU'd
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