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<br />26
<br />
<br />Figure 19 – Photo of Anchors Installed through Right Abutment
<br />Arch Section.
<br />Conclusion
<br />The benefits of geologic observations made during
<br />investigations for new dams or for repairs to existing
<br />dams are sometimes overlooked but are essential in
<br />preventing costly oversights. After soil and rock types
<br />have been identified and geologic constraints defined,
<br />the potential issues that may affect dam construction
<br />and performance can be evaluated and mitigation
<br />strategies developed. In some cases, the potential
<br />issues may be minor; in other cases, where geology is
<br />complex, problematic, or difficult to characterize, the
<br />potential issues may be serious and create inherent
<br />uncertainties in how the structure is performing or will
<br />perform. This article introduced some basic geologic
<br />terminology and principles and provided just a few
<br />examples of how geologic conditions might impact a
<br />given project. Future articles will be used to delve
<br />deeper into these important concepts.
<br />Useful References
<br />[1] United States Department of the Interior, Bureau of Reclamation,
<br />Engineering Geology Field Manual, Second Edition, Volume I, 1998. .
<br />http://www.usbr.gov/pmts/geology/geoman.html
<br />[2] United States Department of Agriculture Natural Resources
<br />Conservation Service, Part 633 National Engineering Handbook,
<br />Chapter 26, Gradation Design of Sand and Gravel Filters.
<br />http://directives.sc.egov.usda.gov/OpenNonWebContent.aspx?conte
<br />nt=18397.wba
<br />[3] Federal Emergency Management Agency, Filters for Embankment
<br />Dams, Best Practices for Design and Construction.
<br />https://www.fema.gov/media-library/assets/documents/23795
<br />[4] Goodman, Richard E., Engineering Geology, Rock in Engineering
<br />Construction, 1993.
<br />[5] Fell, Robin, et al, Geotechnical Engineering of Dams, Second Edition,
<br />2015.
<br />[6] Hamblin, W. Kenneth. The Earth’s Dynamic Systems, 2nd edition, 1978,
<br />Burgess Publishing Company.
<br />[7] Glossary of Geology, 3rd Edition, Robert L. Bates and Julia A. Jackson,
<br />editors, 1987, American Geological Institute.
<br />[8] Rock Classification Systems for Engineering Purposes, Luis Kirkaldie
<br />editor, 1988, ASTM Special Technical Publication (STP) 984.
<br />[9] Carlson, D.D. and Meyer, D.F., Flood on the Virgin River, January 1989,
<br />in Utah, Arizona, and Nevada.
<br />[10] Robert James, J. Lawrence Von Thun, Alan O’Neil, Richard Catanach,
<br />Investigation of the Cause of the Failure of Quail Creek Dike, Report of
<br />Independent Review Team, 1989.
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