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biennial cover averaging 32.1 %. The dominant taxa were cheatgrass, greasewood, and galleta, with <br />31.6 %, 5.1 %, and 2.5% cover, respectively. Sub - dominant species include alkali sacaton (Sporobo /us <br />airoides) and annual wheatgrass, with 0.7% and 0.5% cover, respectively. Current annual production on <br />the Greasewood Reference Area totaled 278.6 pounds per acre, with the perennials contributing 66.1 <br />pounds to forage production. <br />3.5 Shadscale Reference Area <br />The Shadscale Reference Area is located above the Roadside South Portal Area on the west - facing <br />slope (Map 1). In 2011, average ground cover in this area consisted of 50.1% live vegetation, 28.0% <br />rock, 12.6% litter, and bare ground exposure of 9.3 %. Perennial cover across the unit averaged 8.5% <br />with annual and biennial cover averaging 41.0 %. The dominant taxa were cheatgrass, shadscale, and <br />galleta with 39.7 %, 3.0 %, and 1.5% average cover, respectively. Sub - dominant species include needle <br />and thread (Hesperostipa comata), sand dropseed (Sporobo /us cryptandrus), and field bindweed with <br />1.0 %, 1.0 %, and 0.7% average cover, respectively. Current annual production on the Shadscale <br />Reference Area totaled 745.2 pounds per acre, with the perennials contributing 92.7 pounds to forage <br />production. <br />Shadscale Reference Area - 2011 & 2012 <br />2011 <br />2012 <br />Average Live Vegetation Cover <br />50.1 <br />31.9 <br />Average Rock Cover <br />28.0 <br />27.0 <br />Average Litter Cover <br />12.6 <br />__32.9 <br />­ <br />8.2 <br />Average Bare Ground Exposure <br />9.3 <br />Average Perennial Cover <br />8.5 <br />6.4 <br />Average Annual and Biennial Cover <br />41.0 <br />25.5 <br />Dominant Taxa and % Average Cover <br />Cheatgrass <br />39.7% <br />Cheatgrass <br />25.3% <br />Shadscale <br />3.0% <br />Shadscale <br />2.9% <br />Galleta <br />1.5% <br />Bottlebrush squirreltail <br />1.0% <br />Sub- DominantTaxa <br />Needle and thread <br />1.0% <br />Alkali sacaton <br />0.7% <br />Sand dropseed <br />1.0% <br />Galleta <br />0.7% <br />Field bindweed <br />0.7% <br />Needle and Thread <br />0.4% <br />Herbaceous Production Total (Ibs /acre) <br />745.2 <br />153.4 <br />Perennial Production Total (Ibs /acre) <br />92.7 <br />27.5 <br />Ratio of Total Production to Perennial Production <br />8.0 <br />5.6 <br />Species exceeding 70% Relative Cover (Y /N) <br />Yes (Cheatgrass) <br />Yes (Cheatgrass) <br />In 2012, the ground cover consisted of 31.9% live vegetation, 27.0% rock, 32.9% litter, and bare <br />ground exposure of 8.2 %. Perennial cover across the unit averaged 6.4 %, with annual and biennial <br />cover averaging 25.5 %. The dominant taxa were cheatgrass, shadscale, and bottlebrush squirreltail <br />(Eiymus eiymoides) with 25.3 %, 2.9 %, and 1.0% cover, respectively. The sub - dominant taxa included <br />alkali sacaton and galleta, both with 0.7% cover. Current annual production totaled 153.4 pounds per <br />acre, with the perennials contributing 27.5 pounds per acre. <br />CEDAR CREEK ASSOCIATES, Inc. Page 22 Snowcap - Phase III Bond Release <br />Evaluation - 2012 <br />