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ca <br />q� <br />cd <br />O <br />1 1 <br />k� <br />C"d <br />ca <br />Q <br />Updated on: <br />0808 <br />Colorado Dept. of <br />Agriculture, <br />Conservation <br />Services Division <br />700 Kipling Street <br />Suite 4000 <br />Lakewood, CO 80215 <br />303 - 239 -4100 <br />Rangeland, pasture, and riparian site recommendations <br />Dalmatian toadflax <br />Identification a <br />Identification and <br />Impacts <br />Dalmatian toadflax (Linaria <br />dalmatica) is a non - native, <br />perennial forb introduced from <br />the Mediterranean region as a folk <br />remedy, fabric dye and ornamental. <br />It reproduces both by seed and by <br />extensive, creeping rhizomes. A single <br />plant produces 500,000 seeds, most <br />of which fall within 18 inches of <br />the parent plant. Seeds can remain <br />viable for at least 10 years. Dalmatian <br />toadflax grows to 3 feet, and has <br />bright yellow snapdragon -like flowers <br />with an orange throat on elongated <br />racemes. The alternate leaves are <br />broad, with a thick, waxy cuticle and a <br />bluish cast. Each leaf is heart - shaped <br />and wraps the stem. <br />Habitats for Dalmatian toadflax <br />include disturbed open sites, <br />fields, pastures, rangeland, roadsides, <br />cropland and forest clearings. <br />Infestations can begin in small <br />disturbed sites, then spread even <br />to rangeland and wildlife habitats <br />in excellent condition. Dalmatian <br />toadflax is a highly aggressive <br />plant that can genetically adapt to <br />varied environmental conditions <br />and herbicide controls. Its extreme <br />competitiveness is due to early spring <br />regeneration from vegetative buds on <br />roots that are not dependent on soil <br />moisture or native plant competition. <br />Once established, toadflax quickly <br />overruns native plants and becomes <br />nd Management <br />a monoculture that severely reduces <br />forage, productivity, biodiversity and <br />wildlife habitat. <br />The key to effective control of <br />Dalmatian toadflax is prevention <br />and integrating as many management <br />strategies as possible. Prevention is <br />always desirable when dealing with <br />Dalmatian toadflax. Early detection <br />and eradication can keep populations <br />from exploding, making more <br />management options available. With <br />the plants varying genetically using <br />many different approaches is important <br />such as; chemical, mechanical, cultural <br />and biological methods. Details on the <br />back of this sheet can help to create <br />a management plan compatible with <br />your site ecology. <br />Dalmatian toadflax is designated <br />as a "List B" species in the <br />Colorado Noxious Weed Act. It <br />is required to be either eradicated, <br />contained, or suppressed depending <br />on the local infestations. For more <br />information visit www.colorado. <br />gov/ag/csd and click on the Noxious <br />Weed Management Program. Or call <br />the State Weed Coordinator at the <br />Colorado Department of Agriculture, <br />Conservation Services Division, <br />303 - 239 -4100. <br />Clockwise, from lower left, photos © John M. <br />Randall of The Nature Conservancy; and Linda <br />Wilson and Susan Turner of Invasive.org. Infesta- <br />tion map by Crystal Andrews, Colorado Department <br />of Agriculture. <br />.rV <br />rV <br />