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9 <br /> Artemisia frigida had a mean density of 2.3/m2 (Table 3) . <br /> Xanthocephalum sarothrae had a mean density of 0.3/m2, and <br /> Chrysothamnus nauseosus had a mean density of 0.2/m2. Average den- <br /> sity of shrubs for the grassland reference area was 2.8 individuals/m2. <br /> Dominant species in the grassland site were Bouteloua gracilis , <br /> Artemisia frigida, . Carex eleocharis , and Xanthocephalum sarothrae as <br /> indicated by high cover and production values. Bouteloua gracilis is <br /> a shallow-rooted grass, and would survive well on shallow soils, using <br /> available moisture more readily than other species because of prox- <br /> imity to the soil surface. Artemisia frigida is a shrub with a wide <br /> ecological amplitude but grows most typically on dry, coarse sandy, <br /> or shallow loamy soils , similar to the grassland site. <br /> Mean cover values for herbaceous vegetation in the pinyon- <br /> juniper type are seen in Table 4. Astragalus striatus had a mean <br /> cover value of 6.0010. Townsendia eximia had a mean cover value of <br /> 3.8r', Koeleria cristata had a mean cover value of 3.30', Carex sp. had <br /> a mean cover value of 3. 11/3, Aster falcatus had a mean cover value of <br /> 2.3;', Danthonia parryi had a mean cover value of 2. 1;'', and Oxytropis <br /> lambertii had a mean cover value of 2.01". The remaining species had <br /> cover values of 1 .3`' and below. The total mean cover value for the <br /> pinyon-juniper understory was 32.4`'. Bare ground accounted for 21 .9"' <br /> of the sampled area, litter accounted for 28.3>, and rock accounted <br /> for' 17. 5". <br /> Production values for herbaceous vegetation in the pinyon- <br /> juniper site are provided in Table 5. Astragalus striatus had a mean <br /> production value of 12.3 gms/nI Astragalus flexuosus had a mean <br /> I production value of 8.8 gms/m2, and perennial fortis had a mean <br />