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Table 22 -6 lists annual grains, which will be used for cover cropping in reclaimed areas, or as <br />• vegetative stabilization for areas needing protection for approximately one year or less. Barley, oats, <br />winter wheat, or a sterile triticale variety will be used depending on the season in which seeding will <br />be done. Cover cropping may be done alone (at times other than the normal fall planting period) or <br />simultaneously with fall planting. Competition with perennial species will not be a problem because <br />of the relatively low seeding rates used (normal crop production seeding rates for annual grains are <br />50 to 60 pounds per acre) and the annual rainfall received at the Yoast Mine. The use of an annual <br />grain will also compliment the permanent mix. Within the permanent mix are species that have <br />different rates of establishment and longevity. As an example, slender wheatRrass is one of the <br />• <br />earliest establishing perennial grasses, but is not as long -lived as later establishing perennial species. <br />The annual grains establish faster than the perennial species, including slender wheatgrass, and help <br />to develop an effective cover more rapidly. Establishing perennial species will have replaced most or <br />all annual grains by the next growing season. This is supported by annual observations of seeded <br />areas at the Seneca II Mine. Time of seeding will determine which species is used. Winter wheat <br />seeded in the late spring or barley or oats seeded in the summer or early fall will generally fail to <br />mature a grain crop, and thus reduce volunteering. Quickgard is a sterile hybrid and will not <br />volunteer. Cover crops have been used effectively for a number of years at the Seneca II Mine. <br />Species <br />TABLE 22 -6 <br />Cover Crop Species <br />(only one species will be selected from this list for annual cover cropping needs) <br />Drill Rate* <br />P.L.S. <br />lbs /Acre <br />1. Horde um vul e <br />Sixrow barley 10 -20 <br />2. Tri ticum aestivum <br />Winter wheat 10 -20 <br />3. Avena sativa <br />Oats 10 -20 <br />4. Triticale variety (sterile) <br />Quickgard 10 -20 <br />*Broadcast rate is double the drill seeding rate <br />P.L.S. = Pure Live Seed <br />. In order to consider all shrub establishment technologies, concentrated seeding of shrubs is included as an <br />additional method to be used for establishment of shrub islands or patches. This will be used in <br />MR -31 16 Revised 9/09 <br />