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After chisel - plowing, the area will be seeded to the appropriate <br />perennial mixture. A heavy duty rangeland drill pulled by a rubber - <br />tired farm tractor will be utilized to plant the seed mixtures where <br />ever practicable. Broadcast seeding shall be used on steep areas. <br />Planting will normally be done in the fall after sufficient frost, to <br />prevent premature germination of perennial seeds. Fall plantings <br />conducted on disturbed areas adjacent to the proposed permit area have <br />been very successful. However, spring seeding may be conducted when <br />weather conditions are particularly favorable. Hull and co- workers <br />(1952) recommended that within the 6,000 to 8,000 foot elevation zone, <br />seedings can be made with some assurance in early April on well <br />prepared seedbeds. McGinnies (1960) reported that after 5 years of <br />seeding trials on the western slope, "the most reliable seeding date <br />for obtaining satisfactory stands in Colorado is April 1 ". An early <br />spring seeding will be performed when a fall planting is deemed <br />untimely. Under these circumstances, seeding will be initiated as <br />soon after April 1st as snow and mud conditions allow. <br />The cropland mixture shall be seeded in one operation during the first <br />normal period for favorable planting conditions after final seedbed <br />preparation. 'Whereas, the pastureland mixture will be seeded in two <br />separate operations. First, the shrub and forb species will be seeded <br />diagonally or perpendicular to the contour. The less competitive <br />species are seeded in this manner to lessen the effects expected from <br />the more aggressive perennial grass species. Upon completion of the <br />shrub and forb seeding, the perennial grass species will be seeded <br />along the contour of the slope in a manner that creates small ridges <br />and lessens the likelihood of overland water flow. <br />Mulching Techniques <br />Twentymile Coal Company believes that mulch in the form of vegetation <br />residues is unnecessary to achieve the three regulatory goals of <br />controlling erosion, encouraging plant germination and promoting <br />2.05 -44 <br />