2012-07-10_GENERAL DOCUMENTS - C1981041

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Bookcliffs, lies southwest of the mine site and serves as the southwestern corner of the Piceance basin to the north. The mines can be located on the USGS 7.5 minute quadrangle maps labeled "Cameo" and "Palisade." The Bookcliffs coal field is characterized by a monoclinal structure with the strata dipping gently to the northeast. Exhibits 13 and 14 of the permit application illustrate the surface geology and geologic structure of the permit area. The mine's surface facilities are located on and adjacent to the alluvial valley floor of the Colorado River. The river alluvium ranges from a clayey to silty sand and contains scattered gravel and cobble -sized fragments. The depth of the alluvium ranges from nine to sixty feet beneath the surface disturbed areas. Historically, the valley has been mined for coal since the late 1800's, so the alluvial valley floor has been altered and affected by these operations. The Cameo power plant, which was a customer for coal that was mined at Roadside, lies just west of the mine site along Interstate 70. Geology Nearly the entire surface of the permit area consists of the Mesaverde Formation, a sequence of interbedded shales, siltstones and sandstones, indicative of a marine /alluvial depositional environment. Further to the south, the Wasatch and Ohio Creek Formations outcrop on the surface. The Roadside operation mined the Cameo coal seams found in the Mount Garfield Formation of the Mesaverde Formation of sandstones, coal and shales The Mount Garfield Formation is an example of the transitory nature of many oceanic transgressions and regressions from the Cretaceous geologic period. The Mount Garfield Formation ranges in thickness from 472 to 536 feet in the permit area and consists of three coal zones intertonguing with three prominent sandstone members. From the top to the base, the formational sequence is as follows: the Carbonera coal seam, (stratigraphic marker of the top of the Mount Garfield sequence), a 64 -foot sandstone /shale sequence, the Cameo coal seam, 9 to 12 feet thick, Rollins sandstone member, about 114 feet thick, another shale /sandstone sequence, followed by the cliff - forming Palisade sandstone which is 139 feet thick. Beneath the Palisade sandstone member, named for the town nearby, is the Palisade coal seam and then the Sego sandstone which forms the base of the Mount Garfield Formation. The stratigraphic column can be found in Exhibits 14, 24 and 40 of the permit application. The Cameo coal seam was the zone of interest at the Roadside Mines. Of the three coal seams in the Bookcliffs Mount Garfield Formation, only the "B" and "C" Cameo seams are recognized as economically recoverable. The Cameo "B" seam was the primary seam extracted, and was mined via the North Portals on the west side of the Colorado River and the South Portals on the east side of the river. The South Portals were permanently idled in January, 1997. Some limited mining of the "C" seam occurred through the North Portals in late 1998 and 1999. The Cameo "B" seam in the permit area varies in thickness from a minimum of four feet to a maximum of eleven feet, with an average minable thickness of six feet. The coal has been classified as bituminous, with a low sulfur and high ash content. Coal extraction ceased on December 2, 1999, and the operator submitted official notice of permanent cessation of operations in March 2000. Further information on the geology of the permit area can be found in Tab 6, Volume 2,of the permit application. Groundwater Hydrology The water table in the Roadside permit area is controlled by a combination of local precipitation, topography, stratigraphy and geologic structure. The nature of the rock strata in the upper portion of the Mesaverde Permit Revision No. 5 7 July 10, 2012