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SEC. 509. (a) After a surface coal mining and reclamation permit <br />application has been approved but before such a permit is issued, <br />the applicant shall file with the regulatory authority, on a form <br />prescribed and furnished by the regulatory authority, a bond for <br />performance payable, as appropriate, to the United States or to <br />the State, and conditional upon faithful performance of all the <br />requirements of this Act and the permit. The bond shall cover <br />that area of land within the permit area upon which the operator <br />will initiate and conduct surface coal mining and reclamation <br />operations within the initial term of the permit. As succeeding <br />increments of surface coal mining and reclamation operations are <br />to be initiated and conducted within the permit area, the <br />permittee shall file with the regulatory authority an additional <br />bond or bonds to cover such increments in accordance with this <br />section. The amount of the bond required for each bonded area <br />shall depend upon the reclamation requirements of the approved <br />permit; shall reflect the probable difficulty of reclamation <br />giving consideration to such factors as topography, geology of <br />the site, hydrology, and revegetation potential, and shall be <br />determined by the regulatory authority. The amount of the bond <br />shall be sufficient to assure the completion of the reclamation <br />plan if the work had to be performed by the regulatory authority <br />in the event of forfeiture and in no case shall the bond for the <br />entire area under one permit be less than $10,000. <br />(b) Liability under the bond shall be for the duration of the <br />surface coal mining and reclamation operation and for a period <br />coincident with operator's responsibility for revegetation <br />requirements in section 515. The bond shall be executed by the <br />operator and a corporate surety licensed to do business in the <br />State where such operation is located, except that the operator <br />may elect to deposit cash, negotiable bonds of the United States <br />Government or such State, or negotiable certificates of deposit <br />of any bank organized or transacting business in the United <br />States. The cash deposit or market value of such securities <br />shall be equal to or greater than the amount of the bond required <br />for the bonded area. <br />(c) The regulatory authority may accept the bond of the <br />applicant itself without separate surety when the applicant <br />demonstrates to the satisfaction of the regulatory authority the <br />existence of a suitable agent to receive service of process and a <br />history of financial solvency and continuous operation sufficient <br />for authorization to self- insure or bond such amount or in lieu <br />of the establishment of a bonding program, as set forth in this <br />section, the Secretary may approve as part of a State or Federal <br />program an alternative system that will achieve the objectives <br />and purposes of the bonding program pursuant to this section. <br />(d) Cash or securities so deposited shall be deposited upon <br />the same terms as the terms upon which surety bonds may be <br />deposited. Such securities shall be security for the repayment <br />of such negotiable certificate of deposit. <br />(e) The amount of the bond or deposit required and the terms <br />of each acceptance of the applicant's bond shall be adjusted by <br />the regulatory authority from time to time as affected land <br />acreages are increased or decreased or where the cost of future <br />reclamation changes. <br />40 <br />