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cohesion ". With damp, low cohesion soils, this extra strength is <br />due to compressive forces exerted on the soil particles as a result <br />of surface tensions where water menisci have formed between soil <br />particles. The extra shearing strength exists as long as this <br />amount of water is present. If the soil dries out or becomes, <br />saturated, this extra strength is lost. To account for this in the <br />stability analyses, some cases will be run at slightly lower <br />cohesions. <br />Although the direct shear tests were conducted in technically the <br />" undrained" condition, the samples had approximately 8 to 10% <br />moisture, which is near optimum. Undrained tests conducted in the <br />saturated condition do not use an internal angle of friction or <br />pore pressure ratio in the analysis, which is typical for clays. <br />Since the material was not saturated and is more like a low <br />cohesion soil, internal angles of friction and pore pressure ratios <br />should be used in the total stress analysis. <br />