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December 15, 1993 -2- 933-2713 <br /> ► Determine a representative hydraulic conductivity of the creek sediments; <br /> P. Determine a representative hydraulic gradient through the creek sediments; <br /> and, <br /> ► Utilize the data obtained above to calculate groundwater flow using Darcy's <br /> Law: <br /> Q = K * i * A [Equation 1] <br /> where: <br /> Q = Volume of groundwater flow per time; <br /> K = Hydraulic conductivity; <br /> i = Hydraulic gradient; and, <br /> A = Cross-sectional area through which the groundwater is passing. <br /> By adding the volume of groundwater to the volume of surface water passing a given point <br /> during a specified period of time, it is possible to determine the total volume of water flow <br /> (i.e., conjunctive flow). <br /> Figures 1 and 2 illustrate the portion of Cement Creek proposed for conjunctive flow <br /> characterization. The scope of work for conjunctive flow characterization includes the <br /> following principal components: <br /> ► Measuring surface water flow in Cement Creek; <br /> ► Geophysical characterization of Cement Creek to determine the thickness of <br /> the creek sediments; <br /> ► Borehole drilling to confirm the geophysical interpretations; <br /> ► Piezometer installation to allow long-term measurement of groundwater <br /> elevations; <br /> ► In-situ and laboratory testing to determine hydraulic conductivity of the <br /> Cement Creek sediments; and, <br /> ► Calculation of conjunctive flow based on concurrent measurements of surface <br /> water and groundwater flow. <br /> Each of these components is discussed more completely below. <br /> Surface Water Flow Measurement <br /> Surface water flow measurement is the first step in conjunctive flow characterization. <br /> Surface water flow measurement can be accomplished using either a hand-held device such <br />