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FIELD MAPPING (ORDER 1-2) <br /> The study area was first examined in a reconnaissance manner to <br /> familiarize the field soil scientist with the area. Following the low <br /> intensity orientation survey, a high intensity soil survey at 1" = 40C' <br /> scale was conducted over the entire study site. <br /> Soil profiles were dug as necessary to determine the nature and extent <br /> of soils present on the study area. Pits were hand-dug to depths of <br /> about 6 to 18 inches. In general , this was sufficient to expose the <br /> genetic and replaced topsoil/subsoil surface horizons and most of the <br /> underlying substrata or regraded spoil . Below the 18-inch depth, the <br /> deeper soils were examined by means of a three-inch diameter hand bucket <br /> auger to 72 inches or to a paralithic contact or bedrock, whichever was <br /> shallower. All soil profiles were characterized while only native <br /> undisturbed soils were Correlated with available SCS series criteria. <br /> Series phases, phases of series variants, and disturbed land map units <br /> were delineated primarily on the basis of surface texture, slope, depth <br /> of carbonate leaching, reaction class, replaced soil depths, and type of <br /> substratum. After determining the soil series or variant, the disturbed <br /> land type or the surface phase to which each profile belonged, the soil <br /> phase boundaries were determined throughout their length in the field, <br /> primarily by means of additional soil characterization auger holes and, <br /> secondarily, by analysis of relative landscape position, parent <br /> materials , and vegetative indicators. The soil boundaries were then <br /> delineated on the 1" = 400' scale, aerial-photo base maps (Exhibit 9-4) . <br /> Mapping detail was at an Order 1-2 level for all of the Nucla Scraper <br /> Pit study area. Order 1-2 mapping units consisted primarily of <br /> consociations. All boundaries of mapping units were plotted in the <br /> field on the base maps utilized -,, or mapping. <br /> All map units were delineated as follows: <br /> 1. If soils were dissimilar ( i .e. , highly contrasting in physical <br /> and/or chemical properties and/or depth of suitable soil ) , <br /> 9-4-7 Pevised 11/01/86 <br />