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tables) was calculated by dividing all hits (first -hits and additional -hits) for a particular species by the total <br />number of points taken (100). In addition, all -layer relative cover was calculated using all hits for a <br />particular species, divided by the total hits accumulated during sampling of the transect (see ALL HIT <br />RELATIVE VEGETATION COVER). <br />Herbaceous Production Sampling <br />Herbaceous production sampling was accomplished using one -half square meter (0.5 sq.m.) circular plots <br />within which all herbaceous growth in a vertical projection was clipped and placed in labeled paper bags. <br />Clipped plant material were grouped into the following lifeforms, bagged and labeled as: <br />- Native Annual / Biennial Forbs <br />- Native Annual Grasses <br />- Native Perennial Forbs <br />- Native Perennial Grasses and Graminoids <br />- Introduced Annual / Biennial Forbs <br />- Introduced Annual Grasses <br />- Introduced Perennial Forbs <br />- Introduced Perennial Grasses <br />Lichens, mosses, and woody plant species present in the sample plot were not collected. Noxious weeds <br />were not collected. Clipped material was returned to the ESCO laboratory and oven dried at 105 °C for 24 <br />hours, then weighed to the nearest 0.1 gm. <br />Woody Plant Density Sampling <br />Woody plant density sampling was undertaken in all reclaimed areas sampled but not in the reference <br />areas. Samples were collected along 50 m transects. All shrubs and subshrubs with root crowns located <br />within the boundaries of 2 X 50 m quadrats (belt transects) were tallied according to species and life <br />stage as either seedling, mature, or dead. The presence of dead individuals was recorded but did not <br />contribute to woody plant density calculations. <br />Lifeforms Used in Data Presentation <br />To enhance understanding of the collected data, all data and summary tables are organized by lifeform. <br />Lifeform categories used here reflect both plant growth habit and provenance (place of origin). <br />Categories observed in 2011 were: native annual and biennial (orbs, introduced annual and biennial <br />forbs, introduced annual grasses, native perennial forbs, introduced perennial forbs, native perennial <br />grasses and graminoids, introduced perennial grasses, native shrubs, native trees, ferns, bryophytes <br />(mosses), and basidiomycetes (mushrooms). <br />Plant Species Frequency and Density Measurements <br />During the course of cover sampling, all plant species occurring within one meter of either side of the <br />cover sample transect were noted as present. Frequency for each plant species observed during <br />sampling was calculated by dividing the number of sample transects in which the species was observed <br />3 <br />