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CONTENTS <br />FOREWORD 1 <br />TABLES 2 <br />FIGURES 3 <br />INTRODUCTION 4 <br />OVERBURDEN CHARACTERISTICS 4 <br />INITIAL EXPERIMENTS COMPARING TOPSOIL WITH CHEMICAL AMENDMENTS <br />AND STRAW MULCH 5 <br />TOPSOIL DEPTH EXPERIMENTS 6 <br />Yield and Establishment of Forage Grasses 6 <br />Yield of Wheat and Corn Silage 7 <br />TOPSOIL AND SUBSOIL DEPTH REQUIREMENTS 7 <br />Stanton Wedge Experiment 7 <br />Zap Double Wedge Experiment 10 <br />Falkirk Trench Experiment 12 <br />COMPARISON OF YIELDS FROM RECLAIMED AND UNDISTURBED SOILS 14 <br />DISCUSSION 15 <br />Characteristics of Productive North Dakota Soils 15 <br />Relation of Soil and Spoil Properties to Depth of Replacement 16 <br />Water - holding Capacity 17 <br />Effects of Soluble Salts 18 <br />Effects of Sodicity Levels 18 <br />Suggested Guidelines for Soil Depth Replacement 18 <br />Implications of Soil Replacement to Premine Characteristics 19 <br />Research Needs 19 <br />SUMMARY 20 <br />LITERATURE CITED 21 <br />GLOSSARY 23 <br />