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604 SENCINDIVER & AMNIONS
<br />sodic. Smectite- dominated sodic materials have a higher potential for soil disper-
<br />sion and increased upward salt migration.
<br />XII. MINESOIL SPATIAL VARIABILITY
<br />Minesoil spatial variability has been evaluated in the northern Great Plains
<br />(Dollhopf, 1997; Schafer, 1979b), in Illinois (Indorante & Jansen, 1981), and in
<br />Texas (Bearden, 1984). In Montana, the minesoils were more variable than natu-
<br />ral soils at the local scale (0 -10 -m lateral spacing) while native soils were more
<br />variable at the landscape scale ( >500 -m lateral spacing). Variation of native soils
<br />correlated to geomorphic variables, but minesoil variability was related more to
<br />mining and reclamation methods. In Illinois and Texas the variation of selected
<br />minesoil properties was found to be within the range of the native soils. The dis-
<br />tribution of variability within the minesoils was not greatly different from that of
<br />native soils. The subject of spatial variability is addressed by Dollhopf (2000, see
<br />Chapter 2) in more detail.
<br />XIII. MINESOIL CLASSIFICATION
<br />Most minesoils have been described to have an A -C or A -AC -C horizona-
<br />tion sequence with ochric epipedons (Badji, 1990; Ciolkosz et al., 1985; Schafer,
<br />1979b; Short et al., 1986a; Sencindiver, 1977). Accordingly, these soils would
<br />therefore be classified as Entisols. Some minesoils, however, have Bw horizons
<br />that fit the cambic criteria (Ciolkosz et al., 1985; Short et al., 1986b; Strain &
<br />Evans, 1994). These minesoils are Inceptisols. Some of the acidic to ultra- acidic
<br />minesoils contain sulfuric horizons (McCloy & Sencindiver, 1990), and also are
<br />Inceptisols. Schafer (1979b) identified two Mollisols on mined and reclaimed
<br />lands in Montana, where applied topsoil contained enough organic matter to meet
<br />mollic epipedon criteria. Most minesoils fitting the Entisol order have been clas-
<br />sified as Orthents, primarily because they do not logically fit any other suborder
<br />(Schafer, 1979b; Sencindiver, 1977; Short et al., 1986b). Minesoils with observ-
<br />able pockets or parts of former diagnostic horizons in current C horizons have
<br />been classified as Arents (Badji, 1990; DeMent, 1985). Various minesoils have
<br />been described as containing irregular organic C distribution, which is a diagnos-
<br />tic criterion for placement in Fluv- suborders, great groups, or subgroups (Short et
<br />al., 1986b; Strain & Evans, 1994; Thurman & Sencindiver, 1986). The Fluv-
<br />classes are unsatisfactory for classification of upland minesoils because they give
<br />the false impression of soil development in water deposited sediments.
<br />Thirty minesoil series have been established on lands mined for coal in nine
<br />states (Table 23 -2). At least four additional series have been established on lands
<br />disturbed for reasons other than coal mining (Table 23 -3) and other series have
<br />been proposed. All of these series are classified as Entisols. Twenty -four of the
<br />established series are Typic Udorthents (Table 23-4). Some discussion on classi-
<br />fication also was presented by Dunker and Barnhisel (2000, see Chapter 13) for
<br />prime farmland soils.
<br />Table 23 -2. Established minesoil seri'
<br />Series name
<br />Barkcamp
<br />Bethesda
<br />Bigbrown
<br />Brazilton
<br />Briery
<br />Brilliant
<br />Cedarcreek
<br />Enoch
<br />Fiveblock
<br />Fairpoint
<br />Farmerstown
<br />Gibbonscreek
<br />Grayrock
<br />Itmann
<br />Janelew
<br />Kanima
<br />Kaymine
<br />Lenzburg
<br />Marclay
<br />Marklake
<br />Morristown
<br />Myra
<br />Palmerdale
<br />Pinegrove
<br />Pirkey
<br />Putco
<br />Rapatee
<br />Schuline
<br />Sewell
<br />Swanwick
<br />Soil fa
<br />Loamy - skeletal, silice
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Loamy- skeletal, mixec
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Fine - loamy, mixed, nc
<br />Typic Ustorthents
<br />Fine, mixed, nonacid,
<br />Mollic Udarents
<br />Loamy- skeletal, mixec
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Loamy - skeletal, mixec
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Loamy - skeletal, mixec
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Loamy - skeletal, silicel
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Loamy - skeletal, mixec
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Loamy - skeletal, mixec
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Fine - loamy, mixed, ac
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Fine - loamy, mixed, no
<br />Typic Ustorthents
<br />Fine - silty, mixed, non;
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Loamy - skeletal, mixec
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Loamy - skeletal, mixec
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Loamy - skeletal, mixec
<br />Alfic Udarents
<br />Loamy - skeletal, mixec
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Fine - loamy, mixed (ca
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Fine, mixed, nonacid,
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Fine - loamy, siliceous,
<br />Alfic Udarents
<br />Loamy - skeletal, mixec
<br />mesic Typic Udorth
<br />Loamy - skeletal, mixec
<br />mesic Typic Udorth.
<br />Loamy- skeletal, mixec
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Mixed, mesic Typic U
<br />Fine - loamy, siliceous,
<br />Ultic Udarents
<br />Fine, mixed (calcareot
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Fine - silty, mixed, non;
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Fine - loamy, mixed (ca
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Loamy - skeletal, mixec
<br />Typic Udorthents
<br />Fine - silty, mixed, non;
<br />Oxyaquic Udorthen
<br />
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