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<br />23 Minesoil Genesis and Classification
<br />J. C. SENCINDIVER
<br />West Virginia University
<br />Morgantown, West Virginia
<br />J. T. AMMONS
<br />University of Tennessee
<br />Knoxville, Tennessee
<br />I. INTRODUCTION
<br />Minesoils are soils formed on landscapes altered by human activities such as min-
<br />ing. The original soil profiles have been disrupted to a depth of at least 1 m, and
<br />sometimes partially or completely replaced by earth materials from depths below
<br />1 m (Soil Surv. Staff, 1994a). These new materials are often less weathered than
<br />the original soil. Upon exposure to the surface environment, accelerated weather-
<br />ing may develop soils with properties that differ greatly from the original soil.
<br />The type of parent material and rate of weathering are very important in the
<br />development and differentiation of soil properties.
<br />These soils have developed as the result of surface disturbance and deposi-
<br />tion through various human activities including coal mining, metal mining, sand
<br />and gravel mining, limestone quarrying, dredging of water bodies, road building,
<br />construction, or other mining activities. The new soils have been called spoils,
<br />minesoils, drastically disturbed soils, human or man - influenced soils, or anthro-
<br />pogenic soils. Although there has been no consensus among pedologists as to the
<br />proper terminology for these human - altered soils, we will refer to them as mine -
<br />soils. Most research to date dealing with soils developing from earth disturbances
<br />involved surface mining for coal. This emphasis probably relates to the extensive
<br />mining of coal and the economic importance of coal. Most literature and exam-
<br />ples used in this chapter refer to soils developed on lands mined for coal.
<br />Probably one of the earliest research projects identifying minesoils by
<br />properties was published by Tyner and Smith (1945) in West Virginia. The coal
<br />spoil materials studied were classified into three types (A, B, and C) based on H+
<br />activities of the spoil surface and rock types:
<br />Type A Spoil. Very strongly to strongly acid spoil derived from geologic
<br />sections consisting of shales and sandstones with pyritic roof coals and
<br />black pyritic shales— Pittsburgh and Redstone seams.
<br />Copyright © 2000 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, Soil Science
<br />Society of America, 677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711, USA. Reclamation of Drastically
<br />Disturbed Lands, Agronomy Monograph no. 41.
<br />595
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