2002-07-08_GENERAL DOCUMENTS - M2002004 (3)

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A MI .10 ;•4 - • I NTE;', and 1-190PER to facilitateieiching:of:Naca- i - Drgaiiid inatter,can 1310 an im- - ial minor - elements usually are N and P deficienciesCASInen- irce enhancing revegetation ef- ic niatterrAncrease microbial t for plants that can enhance ally inactive spoil or subsoil - " nt neededAn mitigate undesir- site conditions varies with the :h such characteristics are ex- els achievable through organic e soil properties -or site condi- - is the dominant positive influ- and loamy particle size cities of a 50 percent sand and was 36 percent and 82 percent, addition,- research shows that d permeability in sand, while for only short periods of time. peat - raised the water-holding 1 about - 30 and 51 percent, re- nic rriatter7on the surface may better seedling- emergence -(4). -ation perspective (74). On the up in the surface layer benefits ibility through enhanced nutri- -::- uticle size classes benefit most ity because of higher organic ore from increased infiltration directly benefits very: high or - materials that have high pH y indirectly reduce the pH one lercolation. This assumes that e proper types of organic mat- . - _- ndy loam spoils having a pH nong Ponderosa pine (Pinus itch pine (Pinus rigida), and OKGANIC MATTER a .,*hite pine (Pinus strobus) that 42'to eas (45). The mulch no doubt exerted Oen nroperties. But a pH of 2.4 is prohbitie chiding these four tree species. The mut 4'0 ;;Z•effect on pH as well. On sandy soils with a pH of 5.0 to 6;6; Onle the pH about 0.3 unit after 18 months 0, enif tain region and elsewhere in the West& neutral—where the organic matter ley** Pon of an increased or higher cation ex4aa saturation (55) and higher hydrogeniol*pon Sodicity. Organic matter applied to sodicN 'aiiSiCAw than or equal to 13) spoil used as a plantgtO40:: the effects of Na. Applying organic niatteti cultivated or mixed into the top 15 to 30_erwsits**4 ing (repelling) effect Na has on soil parijojel3004", claypan, organic matter will facilitate greate4p or in higher rainfall areas, the Na effect.ninOe_aing „ of the Na cation if suitable amendmen ' osolit* added.; - Salinity. In reclaimed areas with potential salinity4itol?ie from saline spoil organic matter mixedjUl_b_p_Alg*: the desert Southwest a 1 percent increaselin,plganii***„. applications, reduced infiltration time 31 .per0044 rates—saturated hydraulic conductiviti4/031011:LatrAY infiltration rates lasted only one year.Aerifjket41_:inr:*)tp4 for a more frequent and complete flusliineiticiiiil ers of the spoil, thereby reducing saliniM residue management in the desert Southwest coUld*reuseiortti*maltierl and re- duce salinity problems and flooding tinilet40, Nutrient levels. Organic matter c#01.,R,:.0*nl ing nutrients when revegetating spoil areage,stgrn United States. In spoil material minor,:elen**itgtictA4fisOatelOr plant growth. But N and usually P ca0404 matter is a nutrient source and a goody‘40o _ But organic matter is an inefficient met4654414 cow manure contains about 5 g Organic amendments, such as mantiii orsOMpci_ ir" - of energy for soil microorganisms. Thet0.744ten.s ;,_14:14,15:tOcesses in the soil. As a result, soil nutrients.amennyert ff ino*OpiiLnto-Ions and compounds available to plants (8),Maniireadditin1!t4ffijOrgequAin tity of organic matter to the soil and„viarnicroblologicalnroce*si add to the nutrient reserves of the soil and, temporarlly494110APPAut Undesirable organic matter levels. Increasintorpnk,-.1a4Pels niay afie uently -Hot