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1803
<br />built by Gov. Anza in an attempt to establish the
<br />Comanches in fixed villages. Anza provided laborers
<br />and materials during the construction, and animals and
<br />seed after completion. The Comanches occupied San
<br />Carlos only until January 1788, when a woman died at
<br />the settlement and it was immediately abandoned.
<br />Acquisition by United States of Louisiana Purchase
<br />(including northern half of quadrangle) from France.
<br />1805 to 1807
<br />James Purcell for Pursley) from Bardstown. Ky.. and
<br />two companions were forced by Indians up South Platte
<br />River to South Park. where they discovered gold. They
<br />stayed with Indians. but later went over Poncha Pass(?)
<br />(west of Pueblo quadrangle) and through San Luis
<br />Valley ('') to Santa Fe. where in March 1807 Purcell met
<br />Zebulon Pike.
<br />1806 Nov. 21 to Dec. 18. Then Dec. 26 to Jan. 22, 1807
<br />Lt. Zebulon Montgomery Pike. to explore the
<br />Louisiana Purchase and determine its southwestern
<br />boundary. went up the south side of Arkansas River to
<br />Fountain Creek. where he built a stockade. He then
<br />crossed the river and went cross country to near Little
<br />Fountain Creek. where he attempted to climb Pikes
<br />Peak but instead probably reached the summit of
<br />Mount Rosa. He returned to the stockade, and then
<br />continued up Arkansas River to the site of Canon City,
<br />northward past Twin Mountains, up Fourmile Creek
<br />and West Fourmile Creek. over Thirtynine Mile Moun-
<br />tain to South Platte River. up South Platte and over
<br />Trout Creek Pass to Arkansas River. He later reentered
<br />the quadrangle at Salida and proceeded down the frozen
<br />Arkansas River to the Royal Gorge, where he was
<br />forced to climb out via a rock chute in the gorge; he
<br />reached site of Canon City and only then realized that he
<br />was back at his old camp. In the middle of January he
<br />went south up Grape Creek to Wet Mountain Valley
<br />and southward down the valley to Mosca Pass outside
<br />the quadrangle. He built a stockade on the Conejos
<br />River. where he was taken into custody for straying into
<br />Spanish territory.
<br />1812 to 1814
<br />Ezekiel Williams came down the east flank of the Front
<br />Range in 1812. stayed with some Arapaho Indians
<br />during the winter, and went on down Arkansas River to
<br />the east in June 1813. Returned up Arkansas River in
<br />May 1814 with Joseph Philibert party, a company of 18
<br />trappers. to pick up furs from the Arapaho Indians and
<br />to do additional trapping. Williams went back eas: in
<br />July 1814. but most of party remained through 18 . c.
<br />1815 to 1817
<br />Auguste P. Chouteau and Jules L. R. Dc Mun left St.
<br />Louis Sept. 10. 1815. with 44 other men, including
<br />Joseph Philibert, who had returned to Missouri to re-
<br />supply his party. They reached the Arkansas River and
<br />sighted the mountains on Nov. 27. For the ensuing 1 ih
<br />years they trapped on the Huerfano and Greenhorn
<br />Rivers, until they were captured by the Spanish and
<br />imprisoned. and their goods ebnfiscated on May 24,
<br />1817. They finally returned to St. Louis on Sept. 7, 1817.
<br />1815 to 1860
<br />Fur trappers and traders traveled most streams and
<br />trails in the quadrangle. They included Auguste Pierre
<br />Chouteau, Jules De Mun, William and Charles Bent,
<br />Ceran St. Vrain, William Sherley "Old Bill" Williams,
<br />Jedediab Smith, Christopher "Kit" Carson, Joseph R.
<br />"Joe" Walker, James P. Beckwourth, Capt. John Gantt,
<br />Jefferson Blackwell, George S. Simpson, Joseph B.
<br />Doyle. Charles Autobees, Alexander Barclay, Lucien
<br />Maxwell, Maurice Le.Duc, Thomas L. "Broken Hand"
<br />'Fitzpatrick. Richens Lacy Dick" Wootton. John
<br />Simpson "Blackfoot" Smith, Levin "Bill" Mitchell.
<br />William T. "Bill" New, Alexis Godey, Basil Lajeunesse,
<br />and others. These plainsmen favored the Hawken rifle, a
<br />muzzle - loading flintlock or cap -lock long rifle made by
<br />Jacob and Samuel Hawken in St. Louis from 1807 to
<br />1860. and in Denver from 1859 to 1861. The range of the
<br />Hawken rifle was greater than that of the trade guns
<br />used by the Indians.
<br />1820 July 12 to July 20
<br />Maj. Stephen Harriman Long —to explore the south-
<br />western boundary of the Louisiana Purchase —came up
<br />South Platte River and down Monument Creek to the
<br />site of Colorado Springs. He was accompanied by Dr.
<br />Edwin James, botanist. Dr. Thomas Say, zoologist, Dr.
<br />A. E. Jessup, geologist, and Titian Ramsey Peale, artist.
<br />Dr. James and others. on July 13 -15. climbed Pikes
<br />Peak. subsequentlycalied James Peak by Long. Thence.
<br />Long traveled south down Fountain Creek to near the
<br />present El Paso - Pueblo County line and southwest-
<br />ward to the Arkansas River. Another diversion by Dr.
<br />James. Captain John R. Bell. and two other men took
<br />them to the mouth of the Royal Gorge where Bells
<br />Springs were named. This party discovered the i ,.t: coal
<br />of the present Canon City coal field. Then, on July 19,
<br />Dr. James' party headed east down the Arkansas River.
<br />joined Long's pa°*.:•, and left the quadrangle.
<br />1821 Nov. 19 to Feb. 1. 13.2
<br />Maj. Jacob Fowler. apparently to assess the business
<br />potential in the fur trade, went from Cincinnati to the
<br />Mississippi and thence up the Arkansas River to the site
<br />of Pueblo. where he built two successive forts and
<br />corrals in January 1822. He stayed about 2 we= :s, then
<br />w nt south :o Sava Fe.
<br />1826
<br />James O. Pattie and his party went south along the east
<br />side of the Front Ranee. and crossed the divide to the
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