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(Sutton, et al., 19811. Aluminum toxicity is corrected by raising the soil pH or by applying <br />phosphorus. <br />Fluorine. Fluorine is an essential element for animals, but is not a required plant nutrient <br />(Adrlan0 and Doner, 19821. Plants normally contain 2 to 20 ppm fluorine and total soil fluorine <br />contents average 100 to 300 ppm. Toxic levels of fluorine have been identified in planting <br />mixtures, greenhouse cultures, and water (Traynor, 1980). Agricultural lands receive <br />substantial fluorine inputs from repeated applications of superphosphates. Fluorine toxicity is <br />limited to industrial situations where ores are processed or agricultural environments where <br />fluorine-containing insecticides are used IAdriano and Doner, 19821. Toxicity can be corrected <br />by liming materials and soluble phosphates which immobilize the soluble fluorides and tend to <br />produce the highly insoluble, fluorine-containing mineral apatite. Plant uptake of fluorine from <br />soil is not related to the fluorine content of the soil, but rather is dependent on the soil type, <br />calcium and phosphate contents, and soil pH IAdriano and Doner, 19821. <br />Chloride. Chlorine is an essential element for plants and animals (Traynor, 19801. The chloride <br />ion is itself toxic if too greatly concentrated; also if too concentrated, the common natural <br />chlorine compound, sodium chloride, is toxic through its effect on osmotic pressure within the <br />plant (Gough et.al., 19791. Conditions favoring toxicity include areas inundated by sea water, <br />closed geographic basins, over fertilizing, or irrigation using slightly salty water with <br />insufficient flushing of the soil. There have been no reports of human or animal toxicity <br />attributed to excessive chloride in the natural environment. <br />Total Combustible Solids. The total combustible solids analysis is often used to predict the <br />potential for coal fires in the spoil backfill. The total combustible solids level is highest for coal <br />and carbonaceous shale strata, typically ranging from 75 to 90 percent. The total combustible <br />solids level for sandstone strata ranges from five to ten percent. <br />Chromium. Chromium, an essential element for animals but nonessential for plants, is one of <br />the least toxic trace metals (Gough et al., 19791. Chromium toxicity can occur on soils derived <br />from serpentine parent material; however, there have been no reports of toxicity to people or <br />animals from the consumption of chromium in plants (Traynor, 19801. <br />The overburden samples, collected for the Sage CreekllfJolf Creek overburden assessment program, <br />were analyzed by ACZ Laboratories for a suite parameters similar to the previous programs as shown in <br />Appendix 6-3, Results of Laboratory Analysis. <br />These results were further reviewed to determine the anticipated suitability potential for the regraded <br />spoil based on the proposed mine plan and spoil placement. The results of this review are shown in <br />Table 6-26 and in Appendix 6-5, Unsuitable Quality Zones in Overburden and Underburden Material. <br />PR03 15 Revised 01/02 <br />