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Designs are shown using two standard and common tire sizes (shown on Sheet S3a inset), but
<br />additional tire sizes will be used. Generally, tires of the same exterior diameter (not interior diameter)
<br />are best used to construct columns, and can be placed adjacent to tires of different diameters.
<br />Tires must not be cut or sliced in any way, and fiberglass or steel belts may be exposed but may not
<br />be worn away or cut.
<br />Installation of tires: whether installed directly on excavated and compacted soil, gravel base
<br />course, or 3,000 psi concrete footings, or tires (filled with earth, soilcrete, or concrete), the
<br />techniques of installing tires are the same. Vertical reinforcing (at least 2 " -in steel pipe or #8 rebar
<br />(for wall height of 6 feet or higher), 1.5 "/ #6 for 4 -6 feet) is placed in the footing to a minimum depth
<br />of 4" (6" preferred) and for vertical walls, centered on each column of tires. Tires are placed one
<br />row at a time, and backfilled with earth, mechanically tamped to 95% Proctor density, being careful
<br />to backfill fully in sidewalls. Whenever possible, all columns of tires in a single segment are filled one
<br />row at a time. Any excavated space behind the tire shall also be filled and compacted at the
<br />same rate. When soilcrete or concrete (except in tires) is used, lateral rebar reinforcement shall be
<br />used for footings of more than 10 -feet length, or if there are changes in base elevation. When foot
<br />of retaining wall is on a slope, the footings shall be flat, and shall keep tire -rows level; and even for
<br />compacted soil and gravel base course, a concrete curb shall be used to change elevations.
<br />Fill material shall be clean, root -free earth (including loam, clay -loam, sandy -loam, and clay) free
<br />from particles greater than 1 -inch and at 2 -6% moisture, placed in lifts of no more than 6 inches, or
<br />as directed by the engineer. Granular material (gravel, coarse sand) shall not be used.
<br />Regardless of wall height, above the first two rows of tires, lateral cabling is placed connecting a
<br />minimum of three columns. This material can be cable (minimum 1 /4 -inch steel or 1 /2 -inch aluminum)
<br />or braided wire (minimum 3 each #12) or #4 rebar. See Detail E.
<br />Geogrid, if used, shall meet or exceed standards for Tensar UX1000HS (see typical in inset, Sheet 1).
<br />If geogrid is used, geogrid shall be placed to extend at least six inches to the front of the vertical
<br />reinforcing, and the full width of the column of tires. Overlap from side to side shall be a minimum of
<br />six inches, as measured at the line between verticals, and shall extend a minimum of 48 inches from
<br />the back of the tire, or as specified.
<br />Cable, if used, shall be connected to anchor stakes or deadmen as specified. Tires, if used as
<br />deadmen, shall be filled and hand tamped with dirt and shall attached to cables or rods as
<br />specified by the engineer, with a minimum of 72 square inches of contact between the cable or
<br />cable end -plate and the tire. Steel stakes, when used, shall have a minimum face surface of 72
<br />square inches (for example, 36" x 2 "). If wooden stakes or deadmen are used, they shall be
<br />pressure- treated (CCA or similar) and minimum nominal dimension of 4 ihches.
<br />Although shown as flat gravel, any pervious surface to the front of the retaining wall should slope
<br />away from the retaining wall at a minimum of 1% grade. If located in high- moisture areas, a
<br />geomembrane shall be placed in front of the wall to reduce moisture infiltration and freeze -thaw of
<br />the grade and subgrade.
<br />To prevent infiltration of moisture into the compacted cores of the tire columns, the top of each
<br />column is protected either with a 40 -mil or thicker HDPE geomembrane covering the entire tire and
<br />core, or a two - inch -thick concrete cap covering the entire core.
<br />Detail A, Sheet S3a (Retaining wall, 2 -5 feet high, uphill slope less than 66 %)
<br />Note: as a general rule, code does not require engineered design for retaining walls of 4 feet
<br />or lower height, with a minimum of four feet horizontal setback between wall faces. As
<br />shown, the tires are placed on a 48 -inch wide, 6 -inch deep compacted gravel (CDOT ABS
<br />#1 or #6) footing. In this case, one tire shall be placed so that the top of the tire is at
<br />(continued)
<br />the final grade of the ground in front of the retaining wall, but may be filled with earth and
<br />compacted.
<br />nee
<br />.ea
<br />all.
<br />S T Std. NOTES AND DESIGN DATA FOR ENGINEERED, RECYCLED -TIRE RETAINING
<br />FOR PERMITTING PURPOSES
<br />Prepared by © N. Barton, PE, Rev. 15 SEP 2011
<br />Refer to Sheets S3a, S3b, and S3c.
<br />Designs are shown using two standard and common tire sizes (shown on Sheet S3a inset), but
<br />additional tire sizes will be used. Generally, tires of the same exterior diameter (not interior diameter)
<br />are best used to construct columns, and can be placed adjacent to tires of different diameters.
<br />Tires must not be cut or sliced in any way, and fiberglass or steel belts may be exposed but may not
<br />be worn away or cut.
<br />Installation of tires: whether installed directly on excavated and compacted soil, gravel base
<br />course, or 3,000 psi concrete footings, or tires (filled with earth, soilcrete, or concrete), the
<br />techniques of installing tires are the same. Vertical reinforcing (at least 2 " -in steel pipe or #8 rebar
<br />(for wall height of 6 feet or higher), 1.5 "/ #6 for 4 -6 feet) is placed in the footing to a minimum depth
<br />of 4" (6" preferred) and for vertical walls, centered on each column of tires. Tires are placed one
<br />row at a time, and backfilled with earth, mechanically tamped to 95% Proctor density, being careful
<br />to backfill fully in sidewalls. Whenever possible, all columns of tires in a single segment are filled one
<br />row at a time. Any excavated space behind the tire shall also be filled and compacted at the
<br />same rate. When soilcrete or concrete (except in tires) is used, lateral rebar reinforcement shall be
<br />used for footings of more than 10 -feet length, or if there are changes in base elevation. When foot
<br />of retaining wall is on a slope, the footings shall be flat, and shall keep tire -rows level; and even for
<br />compacted soil and gravel base course, a concrete curb shall be used to change elevations.
<br />Fill material shall be clean, root -free earth (including loam, clay -loam, sandy -loam, and clay) free
<br />from particles greater than 1 -inch and at 2 -6% moisture, placed in lifts of no more than 6 inches, or
<br />as directed by the engineer. Granular material (gravel, coarse sand) shall not be used.
<br />Regardless of wall height, above the first two rows of tires, lateral cabling is placed connecting a
<br />minimum of three columns. This material can be cable (minimum 1 /4 -inch steel or 1 /2 -inch aluminum)
<br />or braided wire (minimum 3 each #12) or #4 rebar. See Detail E.
<br />Geogrid, if used, shall meet or exceed standards for Tensar UX1000HS (see typical in inset, Sheet 1).
<br />If geogrid is used, geogrid shall be placed to extend at least six inches to the front of the vertical
<br />reinforcing, and the full width of the column of tires. Overlap from side to side shall be a minimum of
<br />six inches, as measured at the line between verticals, and shall extend a minimum of 48 inches from
<br />the back of the tire, or as specified.
<br />Cable, if used, shall be connected to anchor stakes or deadmen as specified. Tires, if used as
<br />deadmen, shall be filled and hand tamped with dirt and shall attached to cables or rods as
<br />specified by the engineer, with a minimum of 72 square inches of contact between the cable or
<br />cable end -plate and the tire. Steel stakes, when used, shall have a minimum face surface of 72
<br />square inches (for example, 36" x 2 "). If wooden stakes or deadmen are used, they shall be
<br />pressure- treated (CCA or similar) and minimum nominal dimension of 4 ihches.
<br />Although shown as flat gravel, any pervious surface to the front of the retaining wall should slope
<br />away from the retaining wall at a minimum of 1% grade. If located in high- moisture areas, a
<br />geomembrane shall be placed in front of the wall to reduce moisture infiltration and freeze -thaw of
<br />the grade and subgrade.
<br />To prevent infiltration of moisture into the compacted cores of the tire columns, the top of each
<br />column is protected either with a 40 -mil or thicker HDPE geomembrane covering the entire tire and
<br />core, or a two - inch -thick concrete cap covering the entire core.
<br />Detail A, Sheet S3a (Retaining wall, 2 -5 feet high, uphill slope less than 66 %)
<br />Note: as a general rule, code does not require engineered design for retaining walls of 4 feet
<br />or lower height, with a minimum of four feet horizontal setback between wall faces. As
<br />shown, the tires are placed on a 48 -inch wide, 6 -inch deep compacted gravel (CDOT ABS
<br />#1 or #6) footing. In this case, one tire shall be placed so that the top of the tire is at
<br />(continued)
<br />the final grade of the ground in front of the retaining wall, but may be filled with earth and
<br />compacted.
<br />
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