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computer generated random directions (0- 360 In no event were transects allowed to <br />extend within ten feet of revegetated area boundaries to minimize impacts from "edge effect." <br />For statistical purposes, each cover transect (comprising 50 data points) served as a sample <br />unit. Data points recorded the first vertical "hit" on vegetation (above or below the <br />instrument), soil (bare ground), rock, litter, or cryptogamic crust. Subsequent "hits" on <br />vegetation (prior to interception of the ground) were also recorded. Cover data were recorded <br />and reported by individual plant species. The first interception was used to calculate total <br />vegetation cover values. Additional interceptions were used to calculate relative cover of <br />individual plant species and lifeforms. The quantitative cover data also provided the basis for <br />calculation of species composition and relative importance. <br />2.2.3 Species Composition <br />Species composition information was derived from quantitative vegetation cover data. <br />Relative cover information provided a basis for evaluation of the importance of each <br />encountered plant species and lifeform and for comparison to the final revegetation success <br />criterion. The tables presenting data summaries for total vegetation cover for each area <br />sampled also contain the relative cover by species, and a column depicting the numerical <br />ranking of each species by relative cover within the area. <br />2.3 SAMPLE NUMBERS /SAMPLE ADEQUACY <br />For the purposes of this study, total vegetation cover and total herbaceous production <br />sampling were undertaken to sample adequacy for each sampling unit with a minimum of <br />fifteen (15) samples. Parameter testing occurred at the one -sided 90% confidence level. <br />Comparisons between sample mean parameter values and the revegetation success standard <br />assume that the sample mean value accurately represents the population mean in all cases. <br />The following formula was used for sample adequacy calculations: <br />where: <br />nmin = <br />nmin = minimum sample size <br />s = sample standard deviation <br />t = the Student's t distribution value at the 90% level (one- sided) <br />d = percent acceptable deviation from the mean (10 %) <br />Xbar = sample mean <br />2.4 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS <br />Mountain Coal Company, LLC West Elk Mine <br />2011 Reclaimed Areas Vegetation Report <br />Phase II Bond Release <br />(t) (s) <br />(d Xbar) <br />Statistical analysis for the revegetation success criterion of total vegetation cover is required <br />if the value of the sample mean from the reclaimed area is less than 90 percent of the value of <br />the final revegetation success criteria for total vegetation cover. Sampling revealed that the <br />Page 6 <br />