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area. For adjacent undisturbed areas, <br />slope angles were <br />drawn from the area <br />immediately adjacent to the reclaimed <br />• <br />or revegetated area. Slope lengths for <br />undisturbed areas were selected from the <br />same transect line as the undisturbed slope <br />angle. Undisturbed slope measurements were selected to be close <br />(in length) to those <br />identified within the reclaimed or revegetated areas. The slope angles and lengths for <br />the analysis are provided below. <br />Location <br />Slope Length <br />Slope Angle <br />Lone Pine UDWP <br />130' <br />21 0 <br />Lone Pine Topsoil Pile <br />90' <br />26 0 <br />Lone Pine Staging Area <br />70' <br />35 0 <br />Lone Pine UDWP undisturbed area <br />100' <br />14 0 <br />Lone Pine Topsoil Pile undisturbed area <br />100' <br />14 0 <br />Lone Pine Staging Area undisturbed area <br />70' <br />35" <br />Water Tank reclaimed area <br />75' <br />16 0 <br />Water Tank undisturbed area <br />75' <br />16° <br />COVER AND MANAGEMENT FACTOR (C) <br />The' cover and management factor in the USLE accounts for the effect of plant and <br />litter cover on the ground surface in reducing erosion by intercepting raindrops and <br />reducing direct contact with the soil. For the varying vegetation types such as that at <br />the West Elk Mine, Table 1 was used in conjunction with the 1997 vegetation data to <br />develop the appropriate factor values. <br />The mean total vegetation cover of the Underground Development Waste Pile was <br />43.50 percent, comprised largely of sod- forming and bunch grasses with spreading <br />bases. Additional significant cover is provided by the much branched and spreading <br />forbs, Achillea lanulosa (western yarrow) and Polygonum douglasii (knotweed) with a <br />combined cover of 6.00 percent. These types of vegetation provide significant cover <br />contacting the ground surface. Grasses provide 84 percent of the mean total vegetation <br />cover, with the remaining 16 percent provided by forbs. Litter contributes 50.00 <br />percent ground cover. The UDWP reclaimed area falls within the "no appreciable <br />canopy category of Table 1. Assuming 94 percent ground cover (43.50% vegetation <br />cover, 50% litter, and 0.50% rock), the C factor for the UDWP reclaimed area is <br />estimated at 0.0035. <br />At the revegetated Topsoil Pile, vegetation cover was 60.67 percent. As with the <br />UDWP area, cover was predominantly grasses (49.33%), and forbs-(9.33%). Litter <br />_ provided 33.33 percent ground cover. As with the UDWP area, the C factor was <br />selected from the "no appreciable canopy" category of Table 1. Percent g round cover <br />was 94 percent, composed of grasses and forbs, indicating a C factor value of 0.0035.. <br />The Staging Area at the Lone Pine Gulch Surface Facilities Area was situated on a <br />steep north - facing slope. Vegetation cover was more sparse on the upper areas of the <br />n <br />