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30 <br />• models are termed the conduit flow system and the diffuse <br />flow system; and they are diagrammed in figure 4. <br />The conduit system has the water recharge localized <br />in a few feeder pipes which may be faults or conduits <br />formed by rock dissolution. The flow from the feeder <br />pipes can be turbulent and the water may.carry a load of <br />suspended solids. The water chemistry of conduit systems <br />responds to changes in the precipitation and the seasons. <br />Discharge rate, temperature, pH, conductivity, and elemental <br />abundances all change with the above two variables. The <br />residence time for the water in the system is on the order <br />of days, and the primary changes in the water chemistry of <br />the aquifer can-be related to the increase-in-the-discharge <br />rate following precipitation. Springs feeding from limestone <br />• caves are good examples of conduit aquifer systems. <br />In the diffuse aquifer system, the water recharge is <br />by seepage through small faults and voids and intergranular <br />spaces. The movement of the water is slow and it is usually <br />clear. The water chemistry shows little response to changes <br />in precipitation and the seasons; all the parameters vary <br />little throughout the year. The residence time of the water <br />in the system is measured in months. When the discharge <br />rate does rise a bit during the spring runoff, the abundances <br />of the constituents in the water may increase rather than <br />decrease, as if the aquifer were flushing trapped water from <br />its many small pores. A sandstone or glacial moraine aquifer <br />0