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Class III Inventory, Colowyo's Collom Mine Project 1.1 <br />• <br />u <br />subsistence strategies that utilized a wide variety of animal and plant resources in season and at <br />varying elevations. <br />The Pioneer period (8,350 -6,450 years B.P.) represents the passing of Paleoindian adaptive strategies <br />and the arrival of permanent occupants who practiced seasonal subsistence and settlement systems <br />throughout the region, with some variability. The Settled period (6,450 -4,450 years B.P.) is <br />represented by a fluorescence of locally oriented occupations characterized by use of large numbers <br />of processing features with a central -place foraging strategy that focused on predictable winter <br />habitation areas. A wide variety of pits and basin structures become established at this time. The <br />Transitional period largely represents continuity with the previous period but with increasing <br />variability in material culture, less sedentism, and more seasonal use of higher elevations. The <br />Terminal period on the other hand is a time of stress that fosters experiments with various <br />intensifications of subsistence such as the use of the bow and arrow, corn agriculture, and the <br />processing of seeds. The combination of these trends ushered in a new era - -the Aspen tradition of <br />the Formative era. <br />Archaic period lithic technology in the region is marked by the appearance of a number of larger <br />notched and stemmed projectile points with distinctive styles that suggest both Great Basin and <br />Northwestern Plains influences. More sophisticated cooking pits emerge such as shallow to deep <br />prepared basins, rock and heat - altered rock - filled features, and rock- or slab -lined features. The <br />Archaic period also represents the widespread use of formal and informal habitation structures, <br />especially the introduction of the basin house with internal features. The latter is well represented <br />within the Yampa Valley near the current project area. <br />The Formative era (400 B.C. -A.D. 1300) refers to a prehistoric occupation that focused primarily <br />on horticulture, especially corn, on the Colorado Plateau. Formative sites in western Colorado are <br />usually attributed to the Fremont tradition. Evidence of horticulture, increased sedentism, ceramics, <br />and rock art characterize Fremont sites. As proposed 'by Reed and Metcalf (1999), the Aspen <br />tradition is assigned to nonhorticultural hunting - gathering groups in the region that are <br />47599 TRC Mariah Associates Inc. <br />