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Surface water 19 <br />(- <br />Locations of streams and springs are shown on Figure 4.1. Water quality samples, <br />measurements of flow, and field water quality parameters were collected monthly <br />starting in December 2004. Data through April 2005 were included in this report. <br />The four principal streams surveyed in the Collom study area are shown on Figure 4.1. <br />These include (from east to west) Jubb Creek, Little Collom Gulch, Collom Gulch, and <br />Straight Gulch. Information from the Utah International and JBR reports was utilized to <br />locate potential springs and seeps for sampling. Additional springs and seeps were <br />identified in the project area during the field surveys. <br />4.3 Stream characteristics <br />The characteristics of the streams in the vicinity of the Collom Mine are described below. <br />Table 4.1 summarizes information on the sampling locations for each stream. <br />Photographs are provided in Appendix 4.A. <br />The type of flow in a stream is important, as it affects such factors as the ecosystem that <br />it can support, frequency of sampling, and interpretation of water quality samples. <br />Streams can be classified as ephemeral, intermittent, or perennial. An ephemeral <br />stream (or reach) flows briefly only in direct response to precipitation in the immediate <br />locality, and its channel is at all times above the water table. An intermittent stream (or <br />r r <br />reach) flows only at certain times of the year, as when it receives water from springs or <br />from surface water sources. A perennial stream (or reach) flows continuously <br />throughout the year (American Geological Institute, 1972). Within the Collom study <br />area, streams are ephemeral or intermittent. Wilson and Milk Creeks to the east of the <br />project area are the nearest perennial streams. <br />In general, flow in the upper reaches of streams in the vicinity of the Collom Mine is <br />intermittent or ephemeral. A portion of streamflow in the upper reaches infiltrates into <br />the valley fill and recharges the groundwater system. Streamflow in the lower reaches is <br />intermittent during the summer months and appears to be maintained by groundwater <br />discharge from the valley fill and bedrock. <br />2572 -R2 Colowyo Coal Company <br />Water Management Consultants <br />