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Exhibit E <br />will be timed appropriately during the soil reconstruction and vegetation planting process to optimize its <br />• effectiveness while supporting vegetation establishment. <br />Contour Furrowing <br />Contour furrowing will be established using a plow, disc or gang ripper. The furrows will be constructed <br />approximately on the contour. Typically, furrows will be placed 2 to 4 feet apart from one another. <br />Contour furrow length will not exceed 100 feet. Shorter lengths may be used on steeper slopes (i.e., <br />greater than 5h:lv). A gap or earthen plug in the furrow will be created periodically by lifting the <br />furrowing implement for a distance of several feet and then setting it in the ground again. Furrow depth <br />will depend upon soil moisture conditions and texture; a plowing, disking or ripping depth of 6 inches <br />will be preferred. A plow or disc will normally be used on lower slope areas; a gang ripper may be needed <br />on steeper slopes. Contour furrowing will be constructed prior to or concurrent with seeding operations, <br />being dependent upon equipment use and capability. <br />Land Imprinting <br />A land imprinter will be pulled behind a tractor or bulldozer of suitable size and configuration. Land <br />imprinting typically creates small pyramid-shaped depressions in the soil surface. The land imprinter is <br />omni-directional in terms of use and may be pulled over the reclamation area in any direction, but <br />operations will be conducted along the contour when this is physically possible. Care will be taken to <br />evaluate soil moisture, which should be adequate to hold depression shapes, but not so wet as to cause <br />damage to soil structure. Land imprinting will normally be performed after seeding and mulching (when <br />applied) have been completed. <br />• Cleat Tracking <br />Cleat tracking can be used to establish surface roughness when soil moisture is adequate and heavy <br />equipment access is limited by slope steepness to travel parallel with the slope. A bulldozer or other <br />heavy tracked equipment is walked up and down the slope to create small soil depressions with its track <br />cleats. <br />Soil Gouging <br />Soil gouging is accomplished by creating small depressions in the reclaimed surface. These depressions <br />collect surface water runoff and provide soil zones with soil moisture contents that are elevated over soils <br />in the interstitial areas between them. These depressions can provide suitable habitat for establishment of <br />woody and other plant species that require higher soil moistures. Soil gouging may be performed in those <br />portions of the Red Rock mine where establishment of woody plants is a permanent reclaimed vegetation <br />community goal. Gouging may be established using a Hodder gouger, bulldozer, motorgrader or other <br />suitable equipment. <br />Mulching & Cover Crops <br />Various types of mulching or cover crops may be used to facilitate the establishment of permanent <br />vegetation communities. Three primary mulch types may be used at the Red Rock mine to facilitate <br />germination and establishment of suitable vegetation covers including native hay or straw mulch, <br />hydromulch or a cover crop. Omitting the mulching process is also an option when conducting permanent <br />vegetation planting operations. <br />• <br />1180-Mine Permit Exhibits (Jul.03.02)FINAL.dOc E-5 <br />July 3, 2002