2002-06-05_PERMIT FILE - M2002004 (2)

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GCC Rio Grande, Inc., Cultural Survey ' lines to accommodate standard gauge traffic and began to share its Pueblo to Denver line with the AT&SF. In this same time period the new Union Station opened on Wynkoop Street in west Denver. The D&NO went into receivership in 1885 and in 1887 its holdings passed into the ' hands of the Denver, Texas and Gulf (DT&G) Railroad, backed by the Union Pacific (UP) Railroad. The newly reorganized DT&G reached an arrangement with the D&RG to share the D&RG tracks from Pueblo to Trinidad (Fraser and Strand 1997:E-56). By the early 1900s most of the railroads in Colorado were controlled by the UP, the D&RG, the AT&SF and, a comparative newcomer, the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy (CB&Q). In 1898 the Union Pacific Denver and Gulf, the successor'to the DT&G had been. assimilated by the newly formed Colorado and Southern (C&S) Railway, a subsidiary of the CB&Q. A second railroad boom came in the 1910s but the railroads declined with the development of highways for automobiles and trucks after 1910 and the economic troubles of the 1920s and 1930s. In the early 1910s the D&RG line south from Denver was rebuilt as a paired double track and was shared by the D&RG, AT&SF and C&S., and the C&S abandoned the former D&NO track from Denver to Pueblo. This is when-the grade currently used by the UP and the BNSF on the west side of the project area was established. The older grade remained in local use for some time, but was plagued by flooding. As early as 1861, coal was being mined in the area to supply the U.S. Army. Coal mining required an efficient means to transport the coal and the railroads quickly filled the niche. Colorado Coal and Iron, one of the predecessors of Colorado Fuel and Iron (CF&I), began to develop coal reserves around Trinidad in the early 1860s. CF&I opened their smelter in Pueblo in 1881 and other smelters were soon opened in Denver. Coke ovens at El Moro and Cokedale supplied the developing steel industry. The steel industry was closely tied to the coal industry. In the late 1890s and early 1900s the steel industry was greatly affected by labor disputes that gained national attention. President Woodrow Wilson brought in regular army troops to re- establish peace in the coal fields. By the 1920s the coal and coke industry was declining due to competition from natural gas and fuel oil. However, the coal industry still maintains an economic presence in the area. CF&I also required limestone for fluxing material for their steel manufacturing. The limestone was processed in kilns to produce suitable fluxing material prior to shipment. The town of Lime, originally named San Carlos, was established in 1897. This was not the same location as the earlier Comanche town of San Carlos. The limestone quarry supplied CF& I until 1965. An. average of 600 pounds of fluxing material was shipped to the Minnequa Steel Plant in Pueblo daily. Today ranching, farming, and mining are important economic endeavors in the local area.. STATEMENT OF OBJECTIVES The project area was intensively surveyed to identify any cultural resources within the APE of the proposed project. Any discovered cultural resources were to be evaluated for eligibility to the Register under the Criteria for Eligibility (36 CFR 60.4 a-d). Register eligibility is evaluated in terms of the integrity of the resource, and: (a) its association with significant events, or patterns in history or prehistory; (b) its association with the specific contributions of individuals 1180-Red Rock Class 111 CR Inventory(Apr.17.02) . 6