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2002-06-05_PERMIT FILE - M2002004 (2)
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2002-06-05_PERMIT FILE - M2002004 (2)
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Last modified
8/24/2016 2:18:41 PM
Creation date
10/15/2010 10:34:15 AM
Metadata
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Template:
DRMS Permit Index
Permit No
M2002004
IBM Index Class Name
PERMIT FILE
Doc Date
6/5/2002
Doc Name
Class 3 Cultural Resource Inventory
From
GCC Rio Grande, Inc
To
DRMS
Media Type
D
Archive
No
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GCC Rio Grande, Inc., Cultural Survey <br />Specific research problems are defined within these broader research topics and are detailed in <br />Zier and Kalasz (1999). <br />' Historic Context <br />The project area is.within the Colorado Southern Frontier Historic Context (Mehls and Carter <br />' 1984) of the RP-3. The themes discussed include the following: <br />• Spanish Dominance, 1664-1822 <br />' • Mexican Land Grants/Settlements, 1830-1870 <br />• Early Farming and Ranching, 1840-1890 <br />• Trails and Transportation, 1858-1890 <br />' Open Range Ranching, 1859-1900 <br />• Railroad Era, 1870-1945 <br />• Coal Mining/Steel Industry, 1880-1945 <br />The Spaniards were the first non-Natives to have an established and documented presence in the <br />area. Francisco Vasquez de Coronado arrived in New Mexico in 1540 and though he and his <br />' group did not enter Colorado, it marks the beginning of the period of non-Native occupation in <br />the region. Puebloan Indians fleeing Spanish oppression traveled to the area; members of the <br />Picuris Pueblo fled to El Cuartelejo on the Arkansas River following the Pueblo Revolt of 1680. <br />About the same time, the French began to enter the area and encouraged the Indians to attack the <br />Spanish. Several military detachments, including those of Antonio de Valverde and Pedro de . <br />Villasur, were sent by the Spanish authorities to patrol the frontier region. The French were <br />' forced to relinquish their land holding west of the Mississippi to the Spanish in 1763 as part of <br />the treaty ending the Seven Years War in Europe. Beginning around this time the Comanche <br />were raiding settlements on the plains of what is now southeast Colorado, northeast New <br />' Mexico, western Kansas, and northern Texas. In 1779 Governor Juan Bautista de Anza began a <br />punitive campaign against the Comanche raiding parties under the leadership of Cuerno Verde <br />(Greenhorn). De Anza's forces overtook the Comanche on upper Greenhorn Creek southwest of <br />' Pueblo and killed Cueno, Verde and four of his war chiefs. Conflicts between the Comanche and <br />de Anza's forces continued until 1787. Some of the Comanche who surrendered built a small <br />adobe village near the mouth of the San Carlos (St. Charles) River east.of modern Pueblo. In less <br />' than a year the small settlement was abandoned. Although there may be few visible <br />manifestations of this historic period, the area retains cultural significance for the Comanche <br />Tribe. <br />In 1800, the French gained the Louisiana Territory and then sold it to the United States in 1803. <br />' However, the southern boundary was not well established. The Adams-Onis Treaty of 1819 set <br />the southern boundary of the Louisiana Territory at the Arkansas River. <br />' The Mexican Revolution drove the Spanish from the region. From 1822 to 1843, the Mexican <br />government encouraged settlement of the area through a series of land grants. The Conejos <br />Grant, Tierra Amarilla Grant, Sangre de Cristo Grant, Luis Maria Baca Grant #4, The Vigil and <br />St. Vrain Grant (about eight miles southeast of the project area), the Nolan Grant (portions of <br />' which are immediately north and west of the project area), and the Maxwell Grant are. the major <br />.1180-Red Rock Class III CR Inventory(Apr.17.02) 4 <br />
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