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Sampling and testing should be undertaken when there is a visible change in the characteristics of the <br />refuse. <br />In addition to the properties of the refuse material described above, it will be important to <br />characterize the material in its in -situ state within the refuse pile after placement. Thus, collecting <br />both disturbed and undisturbed samples of the compacted refuse material and performing laboratory <br />tests on the material will provide parameters which can be compared to those for the preliminary <br />material used for permitting /design purposes. Soil borings along with in -situ testing for shear <br />strength and permeability will be the likely method for sampling and testing the material in its in -situ <br />state. Furthermore, it is expected that the material will be sampled and tested within the first two <br />years after commencement of operations. <br />7.2.2 Refuse Pile Monitoring <br />Monitoring the performance of the RPE East refuse pile is deemed to be important to verify its long- <br />term stability. In -situ measurements relating to deformation and groundwater characteristics can <br />provide useful information as to the refuse pile's performance and give warning of possible <br />problems. <br />Instrumentation will be placed in the refuse pile after operations have started and enough material <br />has been placed to reach design capacity grade at each of the instruments shown in the monitoring <br />plan (Appendix Q. <br />For deformation monitoring, one or more inclinometers will be placed along the refuse pile centerline <br />within the refuse pile. Additionally, mirrors will be placed on the toe buttress, refuse material, and/or <br />outside the refuse pile footprint. The advantages of mirrors are that they provide much more lateral <br />coverage than inclinometers typically provide and they can easily measure vertical deformations. The <br />disadvantages are that the precision of movement is far less than that for an inclinometer and mirrors <br />are often disturbed by animals, frost heave, and other environmental factors. <br />Groundwater monitoring will be carried out by installing piezometers to measure water pressures <br />within and possibly underneath the refuse pile. These instruments will likely consist of vibrating wire <br />piezometers or open standpipe piezometers, but a combination of the two would likely provide the <br />most comprehensive information regarding permeability and seepage conditions within the refuse <br />pile. <br />P:\Mpls \06 CO \26 \06261003 MCC Refuse Pile Site Review & Permit \W0rkFi1es\Permit Application \Text \2010- 04- 19_RPE East Permit Application.doc30 <br />