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must assume that mortality will increase over time (10 year liability period) even though the use <br />of fabric mats appears to be a very beneficial component for improved success. However, the <br />mats will deteriorate, herbivory of some form is likely, and increased herbaceous competition <br />will occur over time. While the benefits to initial establishment of aspen and woody shrubs are <br />demonstrated by using the procedures outlined in the Musselman report, loss will continue until <br />the aspen and all woody plants have developed a sufficient root system to be competitive even <br />with herbaceous perennials. The 850 total woody stems per acre, within the fenced plots, is a <br />realistic level based on the Musselman, et al, report and the ecological realities of reestablishing <br />woody plants at the Seneca complex. <br />Exhibit 22 -1 illustrates the general location of the shrub and the tree planting areas. Shrub and <br />tree establishment areas will be delineated and sampled separately from the general reclaimed <br />units. Random or systematically placed density plots, depending on size of unit, will be used in <br />sampling. Plot size will be 100m <br />The woody plant density of the appropriate revegetated area will be considered acceptable if the <br />density is not less than 90 percent of the approved standard in reclaimed lands and concentrated <br />sites with 90 percent statistical confidence. Density shall be determined by the number of <br />countable tree and shrub stems per unit area. Woody plant densities will be measured in a lm x <br />50m (50mz) or larger direct count quadrat. All quadrats will be randomly located and sampling <br />intensity will be to statistical adequacy or a specified maximum sample size determined in <br />consultation with CDMG. The counted tree or shrub will be alive and healthy and in place at <br />least two growing seasons. When counting stems, consideration will be given to shrubs, which <br />spread by above or below ground runners. <br />A shrub density standard is not proposed for the haul road corridors for the following reasons. <br />The maximum width of the disturbance area is approximately 200 feet, representing a minimal <br />disturbance in relation to the surrounding area. Also, the overstocked and decadent shrub <br />stands, which dominate the area, will be complimented with the addition of areas with succulent <br />herbaceous forage. Both livestock and wildlife will be benefited. <br />Seasonal Variety <br />Revegetation success for seasonal variety in the reclaimed areas will not be evaluated since <br />nearly all the species in the premining vegetation types are cool season species. The seed mixes <br />have been developed to establish the species best adapted to the site, while also establishing <br />TR -70 59 Revised 06/10 <br />